Name: Mary Czarnecki
MODULE 7 – FOCUS QUESTIONS
CHAPTERS 5, 25
Chapter 5
1. Differentiate between the following types of theories: (4 pts)
a. Normative ethical theories: Reasoned explanations of the moral purpose of
human interactions, or they are believed to be objective truths about good action.
b. Consequential theories: These theories judge the moral correctness of an
action by its consequences. For example, if telling a lie would help save a person’s life,
consequentialism says it’s the right thing to do.
c. Duty-based theories: These duties depend on adherence to rather than by
good consequences. Also known as deontological ethics, these theories are concerned with
what people do, not with the consequences of their actions .
d. Character-based theories: Being moral is a matter of habits and desires, if one
is a moral person with good ethical thinking skills, then one will do the right thing. This
character-based approach to morality assumes that we acquire virtue through practice.
2. Define the following: (3 pts)
a. Trust: The firm belief in the reliability of someone. Patients must trust that
nurses will keep their best interests as the primary goal and will strive to meet their needs.
b. Code of ethics: A code of ethics is a set of rules about good and bad
behavior. It is a guide of principles designed to help professionals conduct business
honestly and with integrity.
c. Advocacy: Nurses have a responsibility to speak up on behalf of their
patients whose rights have been compromised or endangered.
d. Ethical issues: It occurs when a given decision, scenario, or activity creates a
conflict with a society’s moral principles.
e. Moral distress: Moral distress occurs when you know the ethically correct
action to take but you are constrained from taking it. It is a complex and challenging
problem that can have a significant negative impact on the healthcare team.
3. Describe the components of informed consent. (3 pts)
Disclosure: providing the subject with the information necessary to make an
autonomous decision and ensuring that the subject adequately understands the
information provided.
Decision capacity: the ability of the subject to make an informed decision.
MODULE 7 – FOCUS QUESTIONS
CHAPTERS 5, 25
Chapter 5
1. Differentiate between the following types of theories: (4 pts)
a. Normative ethical theories: Reasoned explanations of the moral purpose of
human interactions, or they are believed to be objective truths about good action.
b. Consequential theories: These theories judge the moral correctness of an
action by its consequences. For example, if telling a lie would help save a person’s life,
consequentialism says it’s the right thing to do.
c. Duty-based theories: These duties depend on adherence to rather than by
good consequences. Also known as deontological ethics, these theories are concerned with
what people do, not with the consequences of their actions .
d. Character-based theories: Being moral is a matter of habits and desires, if one
is a moral person with good ethical thinking skills, then one will do the right thing. This
character-based approach to morality assumes that we acquire virtue through practice.
2. Define the following: (3 pts)
a. Trust: The firm belief in the reliability of someone. Patients must trust that
nurses will keep their best interests as the primary goal and will strive to meet their needs.
b. Code of ethics: A code of ethics is a set of rules about good and bad
behavior. It is a guide of principles designed to help professionals conduct business
honestly and with integrity.
c. Advocacy: Nurses have a responsibility to speak up on behalf of their
patients whose rights have been compromised or endangered.
d. Ethical issues: It occurs when a given decision, scenario, or activity creates a
conflict with a society’s moral principles.
e. Moral distress: Moral distress occurs when you know the ethically correct
action to take but you are constrained from taking it. It is a complex and challenging
problem that can have a significant negative impact on the healthcare team.
3. Describe the components of informed consent. (3 pts)
Disclosure: providing the subject with the information necessary to make an
autonomous decision and ensuring that the subject adequately understands the
information provided.
Decision capacity: the ability of the subject to make an informed decision.
