Human Physiology Exam #1
1.Physiology is the study of ...: the normal functioning of a living
organism and it's component parts. Greek for "relationship to nature"
and studies the functions
2.homeostasis: balance/euilibrium of an internal enviornment even
when the ex- ternal environment is out of balance
3.Pathology: occurs when normal function is disrupted and a disease
state or condidtion forces the internal environment out of balance
4.basic cell composition: H2O, electrolytes, protein, lipids, and
carbohydrates
5.subatomic particles: electrons, protons, neutrons
6.Atom: combination of subatomic particles
7.molecules: a binding together of multiple atoms
8.Isotope: the number of protons is consistent, but the number of
neutrons may vary
9.Elements: The simplest substances; they cannot be decomposed or
resolved by chemical change into simpler substances. they are the basic
substances out of which all matter is composed
10.Major Elements of the human body (99.9%) :: oxygen, hydrogen,
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, Human Physiology Exam #1
calcium, potassium, chlorine, magnesium, carbon, nitrogen,
phosphorus, sulfur and sodium
11.Trace elements (.1%):: Cobalt, fluorine, Iron, zinc, copper, iodine
manganese
12.Ion: When an atom gains or loses one or more electrons and it
acquires an electrical charge. If it gains an electron (a negative charge)
it is called an anion. If it loses and electron ( a positive charge) it is
called a cation
13.Molecule: when two or more atoms are combined of the same kind
14.Compound: when two or more atoms are combined of the a different
kind
15.Role of electrons: instrumental in bond formation
16.Ionic bonds: formed between oppositely charged particles (NaCl) if
separated in solution the result can be an Electrolyte (fluid regulators),
salt
17.Covalent bonds: molecules in which electrons are shared instead
instead of gained or lost
18.Hydrogen bonds: weak bonds formed between water molecules and
intramol- ecular bonds-bonds that hold different parts of the same
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, Human Physiology Exam #1
molecule together into a three-dimensional shape
19.Polar molecules: molecules that develop regions of partial positive
and nega- tive charge (water)
20.Nonpolar molecules: have elctrons distributed so evenly that
there are no regions of partial positive or negative charge
21.Water (H2O): universal solvent, can dissolve many differnt
substances in large amounts
22.Hydro: water
23.hydrophilic: water loving
24.hydrophobic: water hating
25.Mixture: consists of two or more compounds combined but are not
chemically bound
26.solution: homogeneous (parts of the same kind) mixture where the
molecules are evenly distributed and will not separated upon standing
27.solvent: the dissolving substance
28.Solute: the substance which is being dissolved (sugar glucose,
small protein molecules, carbon dioxide and oxygen)
29.suspension: heterogenous (parts of different kind) mixture where the
particles will separate out upon standing
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1.Physiology is the study of ...: the normal functioning of a living
organism and it's component parts. Greek for "relationship to nature"
and studies the functions
2.homeostasis: balance/euilibrium of an internal enviornment even
when the ex- ternal environment is out of balance
3.Pathology: occurs when normal function is disrupted and a disease
state or condidtion forces the internal environment out of balance
4.basic cell composition: H2O, electrolytes, protein, lipids, and
carbohydrates
5.subatomic particles: electrons, protons, neutrons
6.Atom: combination of subatomic particles
7.molecules: a binding together of multiple atoms
8.Isotope: the number of protons is consistent, but the number of
neutrons may vary
9.Elements: The simplest substances; they cannot be decomposed or
resolved by chemical change into simpler substances. they are the basic
substances out of which all matter is composed
10.Major Elements of the human body (99.9%) :: oxygen, hydrogen,
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, Human Physiology Exam #1
calcium, potassium, chlorine, magnesium, carbon, nitrogen,
phosphorus, sulfur and sodium
11.Trace elements (.1%):: Cobalt, fluorine, Iron, zinc, copper, iodine
manganese
12.Ion: When an atom gains or loses one or more electrons and it
acquires an electrical charge. If it gains an electron (a negative charge)
it is called an anion. If it loses and electron ( a positive charge) it is
called a cation
13.Molecule: when two or more atoms are combined of the same kind
14.Compound: when two or more atoms are combined of the a different
kind
15.Role of electrons: instrumental in bond formation
16.Ionic bonds: formed between oppositely charged particles (NaCl) if
separated in solution the result can be an Electrolyte (fluid regulators),
salt
17.Covalent bonds: molecules in which electrons are shared instead
instead of gained or lost
18.Hydrogen bonds: weak bonds formed between water molecules and
intramol- ecular bonds-bonds that hold different parts of the same
2/
16
, Human Physiology Exam #1
molecule together into a three-dimensional shape
19.Polar molecules: molecules that develop regions of partial positive
and nega- tive charge (water)
20.Nonpolar molecules: have elctrons distributed so evenly that
there are no regions of partial positive or negative charge
21.Water (H2O): universal solvent, can dissolve many differnt
substances in large amounts
22.Hydro: water
23.hydrophilic: water loving
24.hydrophobic: water hating
25.Mixture: consists of two or more compounds combined but are not
chemically bound
26.solution: homogeneous (parts of the same kind) mixture where the
molecules are evenly distributed and will not separated upon standing
27.solvent: the dissolving substance
28.Solute: the substance which is being dissolved (sugar glucose,
small protein molecules, carbon dioxide and oxygen)
29.suspension: heterogenous (parts of different kind) mixture where the
particles will separate out upon standing
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