PN 2002 final review Exam Questions with
answers
Perception - - a cognitive process by which a person transforms external
sensory data into personalized images of reality
- Problem solving - - a comprehensive, sequential, cognitive process used to
solve a problem by reducing the difference between current and desired
condit
- Problem solving process- scientific method - - · Define the problem
· Gather data
· Analyze data
· Develop solutions
· Implement solutions
· Evaluate solutions
- Decision-making - - is a process that chooses a preferred option or course
of actions from among a set of alternatives based on given criteria or
strategies.
- Decision Making Process - - · Define problem
· Set goals/ identify evaluation criteria
· Identify alternatives for each outcome.
· Evaluate alternatives for each outcome
Choose the preferred alternative
- Critical Thinking - - analytical process in which you purposefully use
specific thinking skills to make clinical decisions.
- What is conflict? - - An opportunity to understand opposing preferences
and values
- Selective attention - - is the process of focusing on a particular object in
the environment for a certain period.
- negative self - - -talk is any inner dialogue you have with yourself that may
be limiting your ability to believe in yourselfand your own abilities, and to
reach your potential.
- Conflict Resolution - - identifying sources of conflict, set goals, implement
solutions.
- Conflict Resolution
Step 1: - - : make the approach
,· Reflect before you begin
· Invite the other party to a conversation
· Be clear about your intentions
· State your goal - a positive resolution
- Conflict Resolution Step 2: share perspectives - - · Ask for the other
persons perspective
· Paraphrase what you hear
· Acknowledge their contribution
· Describe your perspective
Name the issue
· Identify topics that others view as important
· Use concise and neutral language
· Avoid pronouns (she is, you are, he is)
· Use issues to create the agenda
- Conflict Resolution Step 3: Build understanding - - Discuss one issue at a
time
· Clarify assumptions
· Explore interests and feelings
- Conflict Resolution Step 4: Agree on solution - - · Reality test: is this
doable?
· Durability test: is this durable?
· Interest test: does this meet all parties' interests?
- Conflict Resolution Step 5: plan next steps - - · Create an action plan
· What needs to happen
· How will interaction take place if problems occur?
- Compromising - - an approach to conflict resolution that involves both
assertiveness and cooperation on the part of everyone
- Summarizing - - is an active listening skill used to review content and
process.
- Ethnicity - - - the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a
common national or cultural tradition.
- Health Inequity - - differences in health status or in the distribution of
health resources between different population groups, arising from the social
conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age.
- Mutuality - - the recognition of reificatory in which we value and support
the well-being of patients
, - Culture - - the social behavior and norms found in human societies.
- Culture Aspects - - - language, customs, values, norms, mores, rules, tools,
technologies, products, organizations, and institutions
- Cultural Competency - - a set of cultural behaviours and attitudes
integrated into the practice methods of a system, agency or its professionals
which enables them to work effectively in cross cultural situations. The
ability to interact effectively with people of different backgrounds
- Cultural humility - - - the ability to maintain an interpersonal stance that is
open to others
- Cultural Diversity - - - variations among cultural groups.
- Ethnocentrism - - - the attitude that one's own group, ethnicity, or
nationality is superior to others.
- Empathy - - - the ability to be sensitive to and communicate
understanding of the patient's feelings. - therapeutic communication
technique
- Sympathy - - - understanding between people; common feeling. - not used
in nursing practice
- SBAR - - - situation, background, assessment, recommendations
· is a communication tool that provides a method of clearly communicating
the pertinent information from a clinical encounter
- · Situation: client details, identify reason for communication, describe
concerns - - client details, identify reason for communication, describe
concerns
- · Background - - provide clear, relevant background information on the
patient
- · Assessment: - - state your professional conclusion, based on the situation
and background (vitals, alert, or not responding)
- · Recommendation - - being specific of what you need from the person
whom you're talking to
- Aphasia - - - total loss of speech and language skills cause by brain injury.
· Common causes are stroke (CVA), head injury, brain infection and cancer.
· Three types: Receptive aphasia, expressive aphasia, or both
answers
Perception - - a cognitive process by which a person transforms external
sensory data into personalized images of reality
- Problem solving - - a comprehensive, sequential, cognitive process used to
solve a problem by reducing the difference between current and desired
condit
- Problem solving process- scientific method - - · Define the problem
· Gather data
· Analyze data
· Develop solutions
· Implement solutions
· Evaluate solutions
- Decision-making - - is a process that chooses a preferred option or course
of actions from among a set of alternatives based on given criteria or
strategies.
- Decision Making Process - - · Define problem
· Set goals/ identify evaluation criteria
· Identify alternatives for each outcome.
· Evaluate alternatives for each outcome
Choose the preferred alternative
- Critical Thinking - - analytical process in which you purposefully use
specific thinking skills to make clinical decisions.
- What is conflict? - - An opportunity to understand opposing preferences
and values
- Selective attention - - is the process of focusing on a particular object in
the environment for a certain period.
- negative self - - -talk is any inner dialogue you have with yourself that may
be limiting your ability to believe in yourselfand your own abilities, and to
reach your potential.
- Conflict Resolution - - identifying sources of conflict, set goals, implement
solutions.
- Conflict Resolution
Step 1: - - : make the approach
,· Reflect before you begin
· Invite the other party to a conversation
· Be clear about your intentions
· State your goal - a positive resolution
- Conflict Resolution Step 2: share perspectives - - · Ask for the other
persons perspective
· Paraphrase what you hear
· Acknowledge their contribution
· Describe your perspective
Name the issue
· Identify topics that others view as important
· Use concise and neutral language
· Avoid pronouns (she is, you are, he is)
· Use issues to create the agenda
- Conflict Resolution Step 3: Build understanding - - Discuss one issue at a
time
· Clarify assumptions
· Explore interests and feelings
- Conflict Resolution Step 4: Agree on solution - - · Reality test: is this
doable?
· Durability test: is this durable?
· Interest test: does this meet all parties' interests?
- Conflict Resolution Step 5: plan next steps - - · Create an action plan
· What needs to happen
· How will interaction take place if problems occur?
- Compromising - - an approach to conflict resolution that involves both
assertiveness and cooperation on the part of everyone
- Summarizing - - is an active listening skill used to review content and
process.
- Ethnicity - - - the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a
common national or cultural tradition.
- Health Inequity - - differences in health status or in the distribution of
health resources between different population groups, arising from the social
conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age.
- Mutuality - - the recognition of reificatory in which we value and support
the well-being of patients
, - Culture - - the social behavior and norms found in human societies.
- Culture Aspects - - - language, customs, values, norms, mores, rules, tools,
technologies, products, organizations, and institutions
- Cultural Competency - - a set of cultural behaviours and attitudes
integrated into the practice methods of a system, agency or its professionals
which enables them to work effectively in cross cultural situations. The
ability to interact effectively with people of different backgrounds
- Cultural humility - - - the ability to maintain an interpersonal stance that is
open to others
- Cultural Diversity - - - variations among cultural groups.
- Ethnocentrism - - - the attitude that one's own group, ethnicity, or
nationality is superior to others.
- Empathy - - - the ability to be sensitive to and communicate
understanding of the patient's feelings. - therapeutic communication
technique
- Sympathy - - - understanding between people; common feeling. - not used
in nursing practice
- SBAR - - - situation, background, assessment, recommendations
· is a communication tool that provides a method of clearly communicating
the pertinent information from a clinical encounter
- · Situation: client details, identify reason for communication, describe
concerns - - client details, identify reason for communication, describe
concerns
- · Background - - provide clear, relevant background information on the
patient
- · Assessment: - - state your professional conclusion, based on the situation
and background (vitals, alert, or not responding)
- · Recommendation - - being specific of what you need from the person
whom you're talking to
- Aphasia - - - total loss of speech and language skills cause by brain injury.
· Common causes are stroke (CVA), head injury, brain infection and cancer.
· Three types: Receptive aphasia, expressive aphasia, or both
