HPNU 3050 Test With Complete
Solution
True Ribs - Answer 1-7 pairs attach to sternum through costal cartilage
False Ribs - Answer 8-12 pairs costal cartilage doe not directly attach to sternum
Ribs - Answer 12 Pairs
Articulate posteriorly
Floating Ribs - Answer No costal cartilage
Chambers - Answer Atria - 2 upper chambers atrium
Ventricles - 2 lower chamber
Coronary and Interventricular sulcus - Answer Coronary Sulcus - Depression that
separates the atrium from the ventricle. Located in coronary arteries
Interventricular sulcus - Anterior and Posterior. Separates ventricles from each other.
Which interventricular arteries run through sulcus.
Valves - Answer Atrioventricular Valves (AV)
- S1: Lubb
- Location: atria and ventricle
- Prevent back flow into the atria
Semilunar Valves
- S2: Dub
- Prevent back flow into the ventricle
Papillary muscles - Answer Cone shape muscular projects anchor the chordae
tendineae
Septomarginal trabecular (moderator band) connects anterior papillary muscle of right
ventricle to interventricular septum.
Chordea tendineae - Answer Attach muscle to AV valve
Trabeculae carneae - Answer Muscular ridges support of papillary muscles
,Pectinate muscles - Answer Only associated with right atria walls muscles
EKG - Answer P wave: depolarization of the atrium
QRS complex: ventricular depolarization and atrium depolarization
T wave: ventricular repolarization
Clinical Application: Coronary artery Disease and Myocardial Infarction (MI) - Answer
CAD is the leading cause of death for men and
women in the USA. It occurs, when cardiac
arteries become hardened and narrowed due
to the buildup of cholesterol, calcium, and
plaque. Atherosclerosis, the narrowing of
coronary arteries, decreases blood supply to
the heart muscle and leads to cardiac ischemia.
Cardiac ischemia often causes heart pain
known as angina, which is usually manifested
as a crushing , smothering chest discomfort
that may radiate into the neck, back, jaw, or
left arm. If a blood clot forms at the site of a
plaque and suddenly blocks the artery
completely, a myocardial infarction (MI) can
occur. Lack of blood supply causes necrotic
damage.
Treatment: Balloon angioplasty with stent or
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
Clinical Application: Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) - Answer A brain AVM is a tangle
of abnormal blood
vessels connecting arteries and veins in the
brain. An AVM can develop anywhere in your
body but occurs most often in the brain or
, spine. Even so, brain AVMs are rare and affect
less than 1% of the population. The cause of
AVMs is not clear. Most people are born with
them, but they can occasionally form later in
life. Some people with brain AVMs experience
signs and symptoms, such as headache or
seizures. AVMs are commonly found after a
brain scan for another health issue or after the
blood vessels rupture and cause hemorrhage
in the brain.
-Symptoms: may not cause symptoms until
AVM ruptures. Symptoms can include:
seizures, headaches, numbness/weakness in
some areas of the body, vision loss, difficulty
speaking, confusion
-Treatment: surgery - Surgical removal
(resection), endovascular embolization, or
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)
Celiac Trunk Branches - Answer Left gastric artery - supplies lesser curvature of
stomach and lower esophagus
Splenic artery - supplies spleen and part of stomach
Coming hepatic artery - supplies liver, gallbladder, and part of stomach
Absorption - Answer Involves movement of molecules across GI tract epithelium and
into the blood of lymph
Ingestion - Answer Introduction of food into the mouth
Motility - Answer Involves voluntary and involuntary contractions that mix and moves
food through GI tract.
- Peristalsis: ripple-like wave of muscular contraction that moves food through GI tract
Solution
True Ribs - Answer 1-7 pairs attach to sternum through costal cartilage
False Ribs - Answer 8-12 pairs costal cartilage doe not directly attach to sternum
Ribs - Answer 12 Pairs
Articulate posteriorly
Floating Ribs - Answer No costal cartilage
Chambers - Answer Atria - 2 upper chambers atrium
Ventricles - 2 lower chamber
Coronary and Interventricular sulcus - Answer Coronary Sulcus - Depression that
separates the atrium from the ventricle. Located in coronary arteries
Interventricular sulcus - Anterior and Posterior. Separates ventricles from each other.
Which interventricular arteries run through sulcus.
Valves - Answer Atrioventricular Valves (AV)
- S1: Lubb
- Location: atria and ventricle
- Prevent back flow into the atria
Semilunar Valves
- S2: Dub
- Prevent back flow into the ventricle
Papillary muscles - Answer Cone shape muscular projects anchor the chordae
tendineae
Septomarginal trabecular (moderator band) connects anterior papillary muscle of right
ventricle to interventricular septum.
Chordea tendineae - Answer Attach muscle to AV valve
Trabeculae carneae - Answer Muscular ridges support of papillary muscles
,Pectinate muscles - Answer Only associated with right atria walls muscles
EKG - Answer P wave: depolarization of the atrium
QRS complex: ventricular depolarization and atrium depolarization
T wave: ventricular repolarization
Clinical Application: Coronary artery Disease and Myocardial Infarction (MI) - Answer
CAD is the leading cause of death for men and
women in the USA. It occurs, when cardiac
arteries become hardened and narrowed due
to the buildup of cholesterol, calcium, and
plaque. Atherosclerosis, the narrowing of
coronary arteries, decreases blood supply to
the heart muscle and leads to cardiac ischemia.
Cardiac ischemia often causes heart pain
known as angina, which is usually manifested
as a crushing , smothering chest discomfort
that may radiate into the neck, back, jaw, or
left arm. If a blood clot forms at the site of a
plaque and suddenly blocks the artery
completely, a myocardial infarction (MI) can
occur. Lack of blood supply causes necrotic
damage.
Treatment: Balloon angioplasty with stent or
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
Clinical Application: Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) - Answer A brain AVM is a tangle
of abnormal blood
vessels connecting arteries and veins in the
brain. An AVM can develop anywhere in your
body but occurs most often in the brain or
, spine. Even so, brain AVMs are rare and affect
less than 1% of the population. The cause of
AVMs is not clear. Most people are born with
them, but they can occasionally form later in
life. Some people with brain AVMs experience
signs and symptoms, such as headache or
seizures. AVMs are commonly found after a
brain scan for another health issue or after the
blood vessels rupture and cause hemorrhage
in the brain.
-Symptoms: may not cause symptoms until
AVM ruptures. Symptoms can include:
seizures, headaches, numbness/weakness in
some areas of the body, vision loss, difficulty
speaking, confusion
-Treatment: surgery - Surgical removal
(resection), endovascular embolization, or
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)
Celiac Trunk Branches - Answer Left gastric artery - supplies lesser curvature of
stomach and lower esophagus
Splenic artery - supplies spleen and part of stomach
Coming hepatic artery - supplies liver, gallbladder, and part of stomach
Absorption - Answer Involves movement of molecules across GI tract epithelium and
into the blood of lymph
Ingestion - Answer Introduction of food into the mouth
Motility - Answer Involves voluntary and involuntary contractions that mix and moves
food through GI tract.
- Peristalsis: ripple-like wave of muscular contraction that moves food through GI tract
