NU 409 Exam 3 Guide With
Complete Solution
Neonatal period - ANSWER the first 28 days outside of the womb (known as
the neonatal period)
transition to extrauterine life lasts... - ANSWER 6 to 8 hours
first phase of transition period occurs... - ANSWER 1-2 hours after birth
during the first phase of transition period, the infant should be... - ANSWER
awake and alert, this is an optimal time for initiating breastfeeding and
bonding
the second phase of transition is a time of... - ANSWER sleep and may last
several hours
the final phase of transition is the second phase of reactivity that occurs
between... what is often passed at this time? - ANSWER 2 and 8 hours after
birth, meconium often passed at this time
meconium, what is it? - ANSWER baby's first bowel movement
-black, looks like tar
-some baby's pass meconium in utero
what are the cues to start breathing - ANSWER -chemical
-mechanical
-thermal
,chemical cues for breathing - ANSWER When cord clamped and the placenta
cannot provide gas exchange, a mild state of hypoxia is created, which
stimulates breathing.
mechanical cues for breathing - ANSWER -Squeezing through the birth canal
is a mechanical mechanism to absorb fluid in the lungs.
-Crying after delivery helps absorb fluid in the lungs.
which delivery method has a more difficult time with mechanical cues for
breathing - ANSWER c-section
thermal cues for breathing - ANSWER At birth, the neonate goes from a
warm liquid environment to one that is cool and dry. This change in
temperature is thought to stimulate breathing
breathing of the neonate is _____ and ______. - ANSWER -fast
-shallow
what is the range for baby breaths - ANSWER 40 to 60 breaths per min
when assessing a baby's breathing, they may occasionally have... - ANSWER
Pauses in breathing (apnea) that last up to 20 seconds are considered normal
in healthy newborns, the chest and abdomen... - ANSWER rise and fall
synchronously
what do you need to make sure is patent for the baby - ANSWER nares
Acrocyanosis - ANSWER Temporary cyanotic condition, usually in newborns
resulting in a bluish color around the lips, hands and fingernails, feet and
toenails. May last for a few hours and disappear with warming.
cyanosis - ANSWER central cyanosis, which is indicated by bluing of the lips
,and chest, is abnormal. transient cyanosis when crying is not uncommon
immediately after birth
apnea - ANSWER cessation for breathing for 20s or more is concerning.
shorter periods of apnea in the absence of other signs of distress are
considered normal. apnea over 20 seconds may indicate sepsis, hypothermia,
hypoglycemia, or another problem
tachypnea - ANSWER neonates typically take 30-60 breaths per minute.
sustained tachypnea is abnormal and may indicate respiratory distress
syndrome or fluid in the lungs. it may also indicate infection or cardiac
metabolic illness
Intercostal or substernal retractions - ANSWER retractions are the pulling in
of tissue with each breath and indicate reduced pressure inside the lungs,
likely because of occlusion of the upper airways
grunting - ANSWER grunting with expiration occurs with a partially closed
glottis. this partial occlusion increases the pressure within the lungs so more
oxygen can diffuse into the bloodstream. grunting may be auscultated with a
stethoscope or, in more severe cases, heard without assistance
nasal flaring - ANSWER nasal flaring expands the airway and reduces airway
resistance
seesaw breathing - ANSWER -the chest and abdomen rise simultaneously in
the absence of respiratory distress
-suggest partial blockage of airways
after birth, the first breaths... - ANSWER dilate pulmonary vasculature, which
reduces pulmonary vascular resistance
, Pulmonary vascular resistance causes... - ANSWER increased blood return
from the lungs to the left atrium.
With the increased blood flow... - ANSWER the left atrium has a higher
pressure that the right atrium, causing closing of the foramen ovale.
Clamping of the cord eliminates the blood flow through... - ANSWER the
ductus venosus, which begins to atrophy.
Closure of the ductus arteriosus... - ANSWER which shunts blood from the
pulmonary artery to the aorta, happens more slowly, over days or weeks,
likely influenced by hormonal, chemical, and pressure processes.
neonate hgb - ANSWER 14-24
neonate hct - ANSWER 51%-56%
neonate WBC - ANSWER WBC 9,000-30,000 (elevated WBC normal in
newborns, not indicator of infection)
neonate platelets - ANSWER 150,000-300,000
the infant's gut is sterile and does not have the bacteria to make... - ANSWER
vitamin K
what does vitamin K do? - ANSWER help blood clot
an injection of vitamin K is given to prevent... - ANSWER a pathologic bleed
newborn heart rate assessed by... - ANSWER auscultation of the apical pulse
(in the fourth intercostal space, left midclavicular line)
the neonatal heart is normally... - ANSWER rapid, ranging from 120 to 160
bpm at rest, with brief extremes, with sleep rate may dip as low as 85 bpm or
with crying may reach as high as 180 bpm
Complete Solution
Neonatal period - ANSWER the first 28 days outside of the womb (known as
the neonatal period)
transition to extrauterine life lasts... - ANSWER 6 to 8 hours
first phase of transition period occurs... - ANSWER 1-2 hours after birth
during the first phase of transition period, the infant should be... - ANSWER
awake and alert, this is an optimal time for initiating breastfeeding and
bonding
the second phase of transition is a time of... - ANSWER sleep and may last
several hours
the final phase of transition is the second phase of reactivity that occurs
between... what is often passed at this time? - ANSWER 2 and 8 hours after
birth, meconium often passed at this time
meconium, what is it? - ANSWER baby's first bowel movement
-black, looks like tar
-some baby's pass meconium in utero
what are the cues to start breathing - ANSWER -chemical
-mechanical
-thermal
,chemical cues for breathing - ANSWER When cord clamped and the placenta
cannot provide gas exchange, a mild state of hypoxia is created, which
stimulates breathing.
mechanical cues for breathing - ANSWER -Squeezing through the birth canal
is a mechanical mechanism to absorb fluid in the lungs.
-Crying after delivery helps absorb fluid in the lungs.
which delivery method has a more difficult time with mechanical cues for
breathing - ANSWER c-section
thermal cues for breathing - ANSWER At birth, the neonate goes from a
warm liquid environment to one that is cool and dry. This change in
temperature is thought to stimulate breathing
breathing of the neonate is _____ and ______. - ANSWER -fast
-shallow
what is the range for baby breaths - ANSWER 40 to 60 breaths per min
when assessing a baby's breathing, they may occasionally have... - ANSWER
Pauses in breathing (apnea) that last up to 20 seconds are considered normal
in healthy newborns, the chest and abdomen... - ANSWER rise and fall
synchronously
what do you need to make sure is patent for the baby - ANSWER nares
Acrocyanosis - ANSWER Temporary cyanotic condition, usually in newborns
resulting in a bluish color around the lips, hands and fingernails, feet and
toenails. May last for a few hours and disappear with warming.
cyanosis - ANSWER central cyanosis, which is indicated by bluing of the lips
,and chest, is abnormal. transient cyanosis when crying is not uncommon
immediately after birth
apnea - ANSWER cessation for breathing for 20s or more is concerning.
shorter periods of apnea in the absence of other signs of distress are
considered normal. apnea over 20 seconds may indicate sepsis, hypothermia,
hypoglycemia, or another problem
tachypnea - ANSWER neonates typically take 30-60 breaths per minute.
sustained tachypnea is abnormal and may indicate respiratory distress
syndrome or fluid in the lungs. it may also indicate infection or cardiac
metabolic illness
Intercostal or substernal retractions - ANSWER retractions are the pulling in
of tissue with each breath and indicate reduced pressure inside the lungs,
likely because of occlusion of the upper airways
grunting - ANSWER grunting with expiration occurs with a partially closed
glottis. this partial occlusion increases the pressure within the lungs so more
oxygen can diffuse into the bloodstream. grunting may be auscultated with a
stethoscope or, in more severe cases, heard without assistance
nasal flaring - ANSWER nasal flaring expands the airway and reduces airway
resistance
seesaw breathing - ANSWER -the chest and abdomen rise simultaneously in
the absence of respiratory distress
-suggest partial blockage of airways
after birth, the first breaths... - ANSWER dilate pulmonary vasculature, which
reduces pulmonary vascular resistance
, Pulmonary vascular resistance causes... - ANSWER increased blood return
from the lungs to the left atrium.
With the increased blood flow... - ANSWER the left atrium has a higher
pressure that the right atrium, causing closing of the foramen ovale.
Clamping of the cord eliminates the blood flow through... - ANSWER the
ductus venosus, which begins to atrophy.
Closure of the ductus arteriosus... - ANSWER which shunts blood from the
pulmonary artery to the aorta, happens more slowly, over days or weeks,
likely influenced by hormonal, chemical, and pressure processes.
neonate hgb - ANSWER 14-24
neonate hct - ANSWER 51%-56%
neonate WBC - ANSWER WBC 9,000-30,000 (elevated WBC normal in
newborns, not indicator of infection)
neonate platelets - ANSWER 150,000-300,000
the infant's gut is sterile and does not have the bacteria to make... - ANSWER
vitamin K
what does vitamin K do? - ANSWER help blood clot
an injection of vitamin K is given to prevent... - ANSWER a pathologic bleed
newborn heart rate assessed by... - ANSWER auscultation of the apical pulse
(in the fourth intercostal space, left midclavicular line)
the neonatal heart is normally... - ANSWER rapid, ranging from 120 to 160
bpm at rest, with brief extremes, with sleep rate may dip as low as 85 bpm or
with crying may reach as high as 180 bpm
