Iowa 3OT Pesticide Manual Exam Questions With
Accurate Answers Graded A+
EPA reported this much was spent on pesticide use for
industrial/commercial/government sector and this much was spend for home and
garden sector in 2012 - Answer 1.4 billion; 3.3 billion
Define integrated pest management - Answer System that uses all available and suitable
pest control tactics to reduce pest populations to tolerable levels while minimizing
adverse environmental side effects.
Explain how aesthetic thresholds impact IPM strategies. -Answer Aesthetic threshold: a
level of pest density above which a control measure should be undertaken. Influenced
by tolerance, personal comfort, taste, plant appearance, and site conditions Nurseries
and other areas of high value would have zero tolerance to pests; however, the same
may be less for landscape plantings Healthy lawns are more resistant than previously
stressed, weakened ones
Explain how IPM can reduce reliance on pesticides -Answer Pesticides are not the quick
fix solution for all the problems.
IPM offers the most effective solutions in all respects and those solutions are not always
pesticides.
Name the six control strategies employed in IPM - Answer Cultural
Mechanical
Host resistance
Biological
Regulatory
chemical
,Define pesticide - Answer Any material used to kill, attract, repel, regulate, or interrupt
growth and mating of pests, or to regulate plant growth
Contact pesticides - Answer Must physically touch the pest organism or be sprayed on
the site the pest frequents to exert an action
Example would be protective fungicide
Must be re-applied to new plant tissues or if precipitation washes product off
Systemic pesticide - Answer Enters the plant via roots or above ground plant tissues
and is moved inside of the plant.
Could render plant toxic to insect or mice
Could move through plant to kill parts of the plant
Example would be curative fungicide because it penetrates the plant and stops disease
Preemergence - Answer Applied prior to weed seed germination.
Little to no effect on weeds that have emerged
Postemergence - Answer Applied to actively growing plants.
Work best in sunlight, high humidity, good soil moisture
Selective pesticide - Answer Control only certain types or stages of pests while leaving
nontarget organisms unaffected.
Example would be herbicide that kills broadleaf weeds and not turfgrass
Nonselective pesticide - Answer Exert their action on a wide variety of pests.
Control most of the plants they are sprayed on.
Identify the best application timing for effective pest control as it pertains to: plant
diseases, insects, and weeds - Answer Plant diseases
,For fungicides, it is critical that susceptible tissues be protected before an infection
begins or at the first appearance of any symptoms
Insects
The younger the stage of insect, the more susceptible it is to chemical control.
Weeds
Generally most effective when applied to actively growing plants and least effective
when plants are not actively growing
Annual weeds are easiest to control in early spring
Biennials should be treated in fall or early spring when in the rosette stage
Perennial weeds can be controlled in early bloom stage or in the fall
Describe how pesticide resistance develops in a pest population - Answer Resistance is
the ability of a pest species that was once effectively controlled by a pesticide to survive
spray concentrations that were previously effective.
This is inherited and arises from repeated applications of pesticides with the same site
of action or mode of action. Examples include pythium blight in turfgrass, botrytis in
ornamental, green peach aphid in insects, and goosegrass weeds.
Name one reason the numeric codes at the top of a pesticide label and pesticide
resistance are important. The Codes enable an applicator to understand the mode of
action by glancing at the group number.
Changing this can help minimize resistance
Name four ways to minimize pesticide drift. Properly selected nozzle
Lowered spray pressure
Weather monitoring
Holding the spray nozzle close to the target
, Summary of how pesticides can injure nontarget plants Answer Contact can kill or injure
plants
Movement into the root zone where it can be absorbed is also bad
List posting rules for a pesticide application Answer Required for urban areas or
municipalities
Notification signs must be posted at the start of an application to a treatment site
4 by 5 inches, weather proof, and above grass line
"This are is chemically treated. Keep off. Do not remove sign for 24 hours."
Clean up hard surfaces after a granular application - Answer Blow or sweep the material
back into the turfgrass area or on the plant beds.
Keep away from storm drain entrances
Name two characteristics of water that could affect a spray mixture performance -
Answer Water pH is one area of concern.
If the water is alkaline it may cause, alkaline hydrolysis if pH is greater than 7
In case, the water is acidic may cause acid hydrolysis if pH is less than 7
Hardness of water is another concern
Hardness is the amount of minerals that dissolve in water
Can inactivate pesticides
pH of most groundwater in Iowa has a pH between - Answer 6.5 and 8.0
name the pesticide application methods for leaves - Answer Foliar spray
Pesticides are directly sprayed onto plant leaves
Wiper application
Pesticide applied to selected vegetation through a rope-wick device
Accurate Answers Graded A+
EPA reported this much was spent on pesticide use for
industrial/commercial/government sector and this much was spend for home and
garden sector in 2012 - Answer 1.4 billion; 3.3 billion
Define integrated pest management - Answer System that uses all available and suitable
pest control tactics to reduce pest populations to tolerable levels while minimizing
adverse environmental side effects.
Explain how aesthetic thresholds impact IPM strategies. -Answer Aesthetic threshold: a
level of pest density above which a control measure should be undertaken. Influenced
by tolerance, personal comfort, taste, plant appearance, and site conditions Nurseries
and other areas of high value would have zero tolerance to pests; however, the same
may be less for landscape plantings Healthy lawns are more resistant than previously
stressed, weakened ones
Explain how IPM can reduce reliance on pesticides -Answer Pesticides are not the quick
fix solution for all the problems.
IPM offers the most effective solutions in all respects and those solutions are not always
pesticides.
Name the six control strategies employed in IPM - Answer Cultural
Mechanical
Host resistance
Biological
Regulatory
chemical
,Define pesticide - Answer Any material used to kill, attract, repel, regulate, or interrupt
growth and mating of pests, or to regulate plant growth
Contact pesticides - Answer Must physically touch the pest organism or be sprayed on
the site the pest frequents to exert an action
Example would be protective fungicide
Must be re-applied to new plant tissues or if precipitation washes product off
Systemic pesticide - Answer Enters the plant via roots or above ground plant tissues
and is moved inside of the plant.
Could render plant toxic to insect or mice
Could move through plant to kill parts of the plant
Example would be curative fungicide because it penetrates the plant and stops disease
Preemergence - Answer Applied prior to weed seed germination.
Little to no effect on weeds that have emerged
Postemergence - Answer Applied to actively growing plants.
Work best in sunlight, high humidity, good soil moisture
Selective pesticide - Answer Control only certain types or stages of pests while leaving
nontarget organisms unaffected.
Example would be herbicide that kills broadleaf weeds and not turfgrass
Nonselective pesticide - Answer Exert their action on a wide variety of pests.
Control most of the plants they are sprayed on.
Identify the best application timing for effective pest control as it pertains to: plant
diseases, insects, and weeds - Answer Plant diseases
,For fungicides, it is critical that susceptible tissues be protected before an infection
begins or at the first appearance of any symptoms
Insects
The younger the stage of insect, the more susceptible it is to chemical control.
Weeds
Generally most effective when applied to actively growing plants and least effective
when plants are not actively growing
Annual weeds are easiest to control in early spring
Biennials should be treated in fall or early spring when in the rosette stage
Perennial weeds can be controlled in early bloom stage or in the fall
Describe how pesticide resistance develops in a pest population - Answer Resistance is
the ability of a pest species that was once effectively controlled by a pesticide to survive
spray concentrations that were previously effective.
This is inherited and arises from repeated applications of pesticides with the same site
of action or mode of action. Examples include pythium blight in turfgrass, botrytis in
ornamental, green peach aphid in insects, and goosegrass weeds.
Name one reason the numeric codes at the top of a pesticide label and pesticide
resistance are important. The Codes enable an applicator to understand the mode of
action by glancing at the group number.
Changing this can help minimize resistance
Name four ways to minimize pesticide drift. Properly selected nozzle
Lowered spray pressure
Weather monitoring
Holding the spray nozzle close to the target
, Summary of how pesticides can injure nontarget plants Answer Contact can kill or injure
plants
Movement into the root zone where it can be absorbed is also bad
List posting rules for a pesticide application Answer Required for urban areas or
municipalities
Notification signs must be posted at the start of an application to a treatment site
4 by 5 inches, weather proof, and above grass line
"This are is chemically treated. Keep off. Do not remove sign for 24 hours."
Clean up hard surfaces after a granular application - Answer Blow or sweep the material
back into the turfgrass area or on the plant beds.
Keep away from storm drain entrances
Name two characteristics of water that could affect a spray mixture performance -
Answer Water pH is one area of concern.
If the water is alkaline it may cause, alkaline hydrolysis if pH is greater than 7
In case, the water is acidic may cause acid hydrolysis if pH is less than 7
Hardness of water is another concern
Hardness is the amount of minerals that dissolve in water
Can inactivate pesticides
pH of most groundwater in Iowa has a pH between - Answer 6.5 and 8.0
name the pesticide application methods for leaves - Answer Foliar spray
Pesticides are directly sprayed onto plant leaves
Wiper application
Pesticide applied to selected vegetation through a rope-wick device
