AP Statistics Exam Review exam 2024
What is a dotplot? - A graphical display which shows "dots" for each point. It's
good for categorical data- ie data classified into categories.
What's the difference between categorical and quantitative data? - Categorical
data fits into various categories; whereas, quantitative data has numerical values
associated with it.
What is a bar chart? - A display for categorical data which indicates frequencies or
percents for each category.
What are histograms? - Histograms are good for large quantitative data sets-
either having numbers at the left/right of a bar to show the amount of data in-
between each value or in the center of a bar to show the amount of data at a
certain value. Sometimes, the axis will just be the frequency, but often, it can be
the relative frequency (ie. amount/total).
,AP Statistics Exam Review exam 2024
What do relative areas in histograms mean? - Relative areas correspond to relative
frequencies (ie. if 10% of the area for a histogram is between 25-26, that means
that 10% of the data falls between 25 and 26.
What's a stemplot/stem and leaf plot? - It has stems which are some digit and
leaves which are the other part of the number (for example depending on context
5|7 could be 57, 5.7, or some other variant- that's why a key must always be
included). It's good for looking at individual data in small data sets.
What is important in analyzing visual data displays? - SOCS (Shape, Outlier, Center,
Spread):
Shape-How is the data shaped (skewed left/right, symmetric, bimodal, etc.)? Are
there any clusters (subgroups which the data falls into)? Are there any gaps in the
data set?
Outliers: Are there any outliers within the data set?
,AP Statistics Exam Review exam 2024
Center: Give the mean/median- the value which is the approximate midpoint of
the data
Spread- What is the range OR IQR (if it's easy to find) of the data set?
What is a mode? How do modes relate to unimodal/bimodal data sets? - A mode
is a major peak in the data (most repeated value). A unimodal data set has just
one mode; whereas, a bimodal data set has two modes.
What are some possible descriptions of shapes within distributions? - Symmetric-
There is a vertical line of symmetry, splitting the graph into two equal parts.
Skewed Right- Data decreases for higher values/has less area for higher values
Skewed Left- Data slopes upwards from the left (less area for lower values).
, AP Statistics Exam Review exam 2024
Bell shaped- symmetric with a center mound and tails going to the left/right.
Uniform- Straight line across/data distribution stays constant.
What is a cumulative relative frequency plot (or ogive), and how does it relate to
skewness? - A CRF plot shows the percentage of data accumulated along the y axis
by each value of the data along the x. For instance, (10,0.15) would mean that
15% of the data is less than or equal to 10.
A distribution skewed to the left has a frequency plot which rises slowly at first
and steeply later; whereas, a distributions skewed to the right has a relative
frequency plot rising quickly at first and then slowing down later.
What's the difference between descriptive statistics and statistical analysis? -
Descriptive statistics means summarizing averages, shape of a distribution, etc.
while statistical analysis means drawing inferences from limited data.
What is a dotplot? - A graphical display which shows "dots" for each point. It's
good for categorical data- ie data classified into categories.
What's the difference between categorical and quantitative data? - Categorical
data fits into various categories; whereas, quantitative data has numerical values
associated with it.
What is a bar chart? - A display for categorical data which indicates frequencies or
percents for each category.
What are histograms? - Histograms are good for large quantitative data sets-
either having numbers at the left/right of a bar to show the amount of data in-
between each value or in the center of a bar to show the amount of data at a
certain value. Sometimes, the axis will just be the frequency, but often, it can be
the relative frequency (ie. amount/total).
,AP Statistics Exam Review exam 2024
What do relative areas in histograms mean? - Relative areas correspond to relative
frequencies (ie. if 10% of the area for a histogram is between 25-26, that means
that 10% of the data falls between 25 and 26.
What's a stemplot/stem and leaf plot? - It has stems which are some digit and
leaves which are the other part of the number (for example depending on context
5|7 could be 57, 5.7, or some other variant- that's why a key must always be
included). It's good for looking at individual data in small data sets.
What is important in analyzing visual data displays? - SOCS (Shape, Outlier, Center,
Spread):
Shape-How is the data shaped (skewed left/right, symmetric, bimodal, etc.)? Are
there any clusters (subgroups which the data falls into)? Are there any gaps in the
data set?
Outliers: Are there any outliers within the data set?
,AP Statistics Exam Review exam 2024
Center: Give the mean/median- the value which is the approximate midpoint of
the data
Spread- What is the range OR IQR (if it's easy to find) of the data set?
What is a mode? How do modes relate to unimodal/bimodal data sets? - A mode
is a major peak in the data (most repeated value). A unimodal data set has just
one mode; whereas, a bimodal data set has two modes.
What are some possible descriptions of shapes within distributions? - Symmetric-
There is a vertical line of symmetry, splitting the graph into two equal parts.
Skewed Right- Data decreases for higher values/has less area for higher values
Skewed Left- Data slopes upwards from the left (less area for lower values).
, AP Statistics Exam Review exam 2024
Bell shaped- symmetric with a center mound and tails going to the left/right.
Uniform- Straight line across/data distribution stays constant.
What is a cumulative relative frequency plot (or ogive), and how does it relate to
skewness? - A CRF plot shows the percentage of data accumulated along the y axis
by each value of the data along the x. For instance, (10,0.15) would mean that
15% of the data is less than or equal to 10.
A distribution skewed to the left has a frequency plot which rises slowly at first
and steeply later; whereas, a distributions skewed to the right has a relative
frequency plot rising quickly at first and then slowing down later.
What's the difference between descriptive statistics and statistical analysis? -
Descriptive statistics means summarizing averages, shape of a distribution, etc.
while statistical analysis means drawing inferences from limited data.
