AP Statistics exam questions and
answers
Statistical Significance - An observed effect too large to attribute plausibly to
chance.
Non-Response Bias - Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those
sampled fails to respond.
P-Value - found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the
values on the fitted line
Empirical Rule - A statistical rule stating that for a normal distribution, almost all
data will fall within three standard deviations of the mean.
Lurking Variable - a variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the
way the variables in the model appear to be related
Null Hypothesis - The null hypothesis attempts to show that no variation exists
between variables, or that a single variable is no different than zero. It is
presumed to be true until statistical evidence nullifies it for an alternative
hypothesis.
, AP Statistics exam questions and
answers
Quota Sample - A sampling method of gathering representative data from a group.
As opposed to random sampling, quota sampling requires that representative
individuals are chosen out of a specific subgroup.
Probability - Quantifiable likelihood (chance) of the occurrence of an event
expressed as odds, or a fraction of 1.
Descriptive Statistics - The branch of statistics that includes numerical, graphical,
and tabular methods for organizing and summarizing data
Median - the middle value with half of the data above and half below it
Stemplot - A table in which data values are divided into either a "leaf" or a "stem."
In a stem and leaf plot, the stem values appear on the vertical axis and the leaf
values are listed on the horizontal axis.
Data - systematically recorded information, whether numbers or labels, together
with its context
answers
Statistical Significance - An observed effect too large to attribute plausibly to
chance.
Non-Response Bias - Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those
sampled fails to respond.
P-Value - found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the
values on the fitted line
Empirical Rule - A statistical rule stating that for a normal distribution, almost all
data will fall within three standard deviations of the mean.
Lurking Variable - a variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the
way the variables in the model appear to be related
Null Hypothesis - The null hypothesis attempts to show that no variation exists
between variables, or that a single variable is no different than zero. It is
presumed to be true until statistical evidence nullifies it for an alternative
hypothesis.
, AP Statistics exam questions and
answers
Quota Sample - A sampling method of gathering representative data from a group.
As opposed to random sampling, quota sampling requires that representative
individuals are chosen out of a specific subgroup.
Probability - Quantifiable likelihood (chance) of the occurrence of an event
expressed as odds, or a fraction of 1.
Descriptive Statistics - The branch of statistics that includes numerical, graphical,
and tabular methods for organizing and summarizing data
Median - the middle value with half of the data above and half below it
Stemplot - A table in which data values are divided into either a "leaf" or a "stem."
In a stem and leaf plot, the stem values appear on the vertical axis and the leaf
values are listed on the horizontal axis.
Data - systematically recorded information, whether numbers or labels, together
with its context
