Honors Biology Chapter 8 with Complete and Verified Solutions

Honors Biology Chapter 8 with Complete and Verified Solutions What is the significance of the electron transport chain in photosynthesis? The electron transport chain transfers electrons through a series of proteins, creating a proton gradient that drives the synthesis of ATP. What are the two main stages of photosynthesis? The two main stages of photosynthesis are the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. What is the role of NADP+ in photosynthesis? NADP+ acts as an electron carrier, accepting electrons and hydrogen ions to form NADPH, which is used in the Calvin cycle. How does the structure of the chloroplast support its function in photosynthesis? The chloroplast has a double membrane and contains thylakoid stacks (grana) and stroma, which optimize the absorption of light and the synthesis of glucose. 2 What is the purpose of the photosystems in the light-dependent reactions? Photosystems capture light energy and use it to excite electrons, which are then transferred through the electron transport chain. What happens to the oxygen produced during photosynthesis? The oxygen produced during photosynthesis is released as a byproduct into the atmosphere. How does carbon dioxide enter the plant for photosynthesis? Carbon dioxide enters the plant through small openings called stomata on the surface of the leaves. What are the primary functions of the stroma in chloroplasts? The stroma provides a fluid environment where the Calvin cycle takes place, facilitating the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide. What is the role of ATP in the Calvin cycle? ATP provides the energy required to drive the reactions of the Calvin cycle, converting carbon dioxide into glucose. 3 How do plants utilize the glucose produced through photosynthesis? Plants use glucose for energy, growth, and the synthesis of other essential organic compounds, and store it as starch for later use.