Pathophysiology Exam 1
Pathophysiology - ANSWER The study of mechanisms of disease
Pathology - ANSWER Study of changes in cells and tissues as a result of injury or disease
Physiology - ANSWER mechanisms of human body functioning
Pathogenesis - ANSWER origin and development of a disease
Idiopathic - ANSWER no known etiology
Nosocomial - ANSWER exposure to infection in healthcare environment
Iatrogenic - ANSWER Disease that are a result of medical treatment
Incidence - ANSWER number of new cases within a given time
Prevalence - ANSWER Number or percentage of population with a disease
Endemic - ANSWER incidence and prevalence are predictable and stable
Epidemic - ANSWER Dramatic increase of a disease in a population
Pandemic - ANSWER Epidemic spreads across the world
Disease prevention - ANSWER -Primary: protecting from disease/injury (bike helmet, vaccines)
-Secondary: Screening to detect early (colonoscopy/mammogram)
-Tertiary: Treatment or managing symptoms (PT, medication)
Cytoplasm - ANSWER Composed of water, proteins, fats, electrolytes, glycogen, and pigments
, Endoplasmic reticulum (rough) - ANSWER Synthesizes proteins and produces lysosomal enzymes
Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth) - ANSWER Synthesis of lipids, lipoproteins, and steroid hormones
Golgi apparatus - ANSWER Prepares substances produced by ER for secretion out of cell
Lysosome - ANSWER Digests cellular debris
Peroxisome - ANSWER Neutralizes free radicals
Mitochondrion - ANSWER ATP producer (energy)
Cytoskeleton - ANSWER Framework made up of proteins organized into filaments and tubules
Passive transport - ANSWER -Diffusion: movement from high concentration to low concentration
-Osmosis: water movement through osmotic pressure
-Facilitated diffusion: utilizes transport proteins
What can easily pass through cell membrane - ANSWER -CO2 & O2
-Water
-Glucose
-Small non-polar molecules
Active transport - ANSWER Requires energy to transport molecules
-K/Na pump (against gradient)
Ingestion - ANSWER -Endocytosis: large substances into the cell
-Pinocytosis: Small substances into the cell
-Phagocytosis: large particles eaten by phagocytes (infection)
Secretion - ANSWER Exocytosis: removal of substances out of the cell
Pathophysiology - ANSWER The study of mechanisms of disease
Pathology - ANSWER Study of changes in cells and tissues as a result of injury or disease
Physiology - ANSWER mechanisms of human body functioning
Pathogenesis - ANSWER origin and development of a disease
Idiopathic - ANSWER no known etiology
Nosocomial - ANSWER exposure to infection in healthcare environment
Iatrogenic - ANSWER Disease that are a result of medical treatment
Incidence - ANSWER number of new cases within a given time
Prevalence - ANSWER Number or percentage of population with a disease
Endemic - ANSWER incidence and prevalence are predictable and stable
Epidemic - ANSWER Dramatic increase of a disease in a population
Pandemic - ANSWER Epidemic spreads across the world
Disease prevention - ANSWER -Primary: protecting from disease/injury (bike helmet, vaccines)
-Secondary: Screening to detect early (colonoscopy/mammogram)
-Tertiary: Treatment or managing symptoms (PT, medication)
Cytoplasm - ANSWER Composed of water, proteins, fats, electrolytes, glycogen, and pigments
, Endoplasmic reticulum (rough) - ANSWER Synthesizes proteins and produces lysosomal enzymes
Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth) - ANSWER Synthesis of lipids, lipoproteins, and steroid hormones
Golgi apparatus - ANSWER Prepares substances produced by ER for secretion out of cell
Lysosome - ANSWER Digests cellular debris
Peroxisome - ANSWER Neutralizes free radicals
Mitochondrion - ANSWER ATP producer (energy)
Cytoskeleton - ANSWER Framework made up of proteins organized into filaments and tubules
Passive transport - ANSWER -Diffusion: movement from high concentration to low concentration
-Osmosis: water movement through osmotic pressure
-Facilitated diffusion: utilizes transport proteins
What can easily pass through cell membrane - ANSWER -CO2 & O2
-Water
-Glucose
-Small non-polar molecules
Active transport - ANSWER Requires energy to transport molecules
-K/Na pump (against gradient)
Ingestion - ANSWER -Endocytosis: large substances into the cell
-Pinocytosis: Small substances into the cell
-Phagocytosis: large particles eaten by phagocytes (infection)
Secretion - ANSWER Exocytosis: removal of substances out of the cell
