Porth essentials of pathophysiology
Derm
During a physical assessment, a nurse determines that a patient has excessively dry skin. Which of
the following terms would the nurse use to document this condition? - ANSWER Xerosis
A man's primary care physician has characterized his skin lesion as being a temporary eruption but
has cautioned him against repeated rubbing or scratching to avoid lichenization. What is the most
likely categorization of the man's skin lesion? - ANSWER A rash
A patient has dry skin on both legs and a history of cardiovascular disease. Which of the following
interventions should the nurse include in the teaching plan for this patient? Select all that apply. -
ANSWER • "Keep your room temperature as low as possible."
• "Avoid glycerin soaps."
• "Apply moisturizers to legs frequently."
What is the purpose of LangerhANSWER cells in the epidermis? - ANSWER Responsible for recognizing
antigens
A patient asks the nurse what caused the callus on his foot. Which of the following is the nurse's best
response? - ANSWER "It is a hyperkeratotic plaque of skin due to chronic friction."
A nurse explaining a macule to a patient defines it as being which one of the following? - ANSWER
Small, flat, nonpalpable, discolored lesion
Sebaceous glands excrete a mixture that lubricates the hair and skin. What is this mixture called? -
ANSWER Sebum
A nursing instructor is teaching students about skin structure. The instructor evaluates student
knowledge of the epidermis based on which of the following statements? - ANSWER "Keratinized
epithelial cells formed in The deepest layer of the epidermis migrate to the skin surface to replace
cells that are lost during normal skin shedding."
The health care provider has just completed a skin assessment on a client. The client asks what
causes the numerous freckles that she has. The best response is: - ANSWER Localized collections of
eumelanin contribute to the development.
Lichenified skin is defined as being which one of the following? - ANSWER Thickened skin with
exaggerated markings
When explaining why some children have albinism, the science teacher explains that which enzyme
is needed for synthesis of melanin? - ANSWER Tyrosinase
A nurse assesses a patient with a 3-cm lipoma in the subcutaneous tissue. Which of the following
terms would best describe this lesion? - ANSWER Nodule
While working in an allergy clinic, the nurse notices that many patients come in with all types of skin
reactions. The nurse working in this area knows that which cells play a role in the development of
allergic skin condition? - ANSWER LangerhANSWER cells
, A patient comes to the clinic with multiple bug bites to the legs bilaterally and severe pruritus. The
nurse anticipates that the patient will be prescribed which of the following medications? - ANSWER
Nonsedating antihistamines
Skin disorders are easily identified, as they look exactly alike regardless of the native skin color of the
individual. - ANSWER False
What is the source of nutrition for the epidermis? - ANSWER The dermis
A 40-year-old male client has a congenital syndrome that affects the function of the LangerhANSWER
cells of his epidermis. The man's care provider would expect which of the following manifestations
of his condition? - ANSWER Increased susceptibility to infection
Which statement concerning blood flow to the skin is true? - ANSWER Arteriovenous anastomoses in
the skin regulate temperature.
The nurse planning a sun safety community education class should include the information that the
increased melanin produced by dark-colored skin decreases the risk for which of the following? -
ANSWER Skin cancer
A patient states he has "pruritus." Which of the following questions should the nurse ask? - ANSWER
"Where do you feel itching?"
Select the cells of the epidermis that are responsible for providing sensory information. - ANSWER
Merkel cells
The skin assessment of an African American patient reveals the presence of white areas on the skin
that are flat, nonpalpable, less than 1cm in diameter, and have a circumscribed border. The nurse
documents the presence of which of the following? - ANSWER Macule
A client is concerned about developing melasma and asks the nurse about risk factors. The most
appropriate response by the nurse would be that melasma: Select all that apply. - ANSWER • Is
common in women
• Frequently occurs in populations of Asian, Indian, or South American descent
Select the statement that best describes skin disorders. - ANSWER Skin color may influence the
appearance of the skin disorder.
A patient with albinism has a genetic lack of which of the following enzymes? - ANSWER Tyrosinase
The first-line treatment for dry skin is moisturizing agents. How do these agents work? - ANSWER
Repairing the skin barrier
A patient comes to the clinic with continuous blistering on both arms and legs and is diagnosed as
having a bullous pemphigoid. The nurse teaches the patient that the blisters are occurring in in
which layer of the skin? - ANSWER Basement membrane
A nurse is assessing a patient's apocrine sweat glands. Which of the following locations should be
looked at? Select all that apply. - ANSWER • Axillae
• Anal area
• Genitals
The pars reticularis is characterized by what? - ANSWER Three-dimensional collagen bundles
Derm
During a physical assessment, a nurse determines that a patient has excessively dry skin. Which of
the following terms would the nurse use to document this condition? - ANSWER Xerosis
A man's primary care physician has characterized his skin lesion as being a temporary eruption but
has cautioned him against repeated rubbing or scratching to avoid lichenization. What is the most
likely categorization of the man's skin lesion? - ANSWER A rash
A patient has dry skin on both legs and a history of cardiovascular disease. Which of the following
interventions should the nurse include in the teaching plan for this patient? Select all that apply. -
ANSWER • "Keep your room temperature as low as possible."
• "Avoid glycerin soaps."
• "Apply moisturizers to legs frequently."
What is the purpose of LangerhANSWER cells in the epidermis? - ANSWER Responsible for recognizing
antigens
A patient asks the nurse what caused the callus on his foot. Which of the following is the nurse's best
response? - ANSWER "It is a hyperkeratotic plaque of skin due to chronic friction."
A nurse explaining a macule to a patient defines it as being which one of the following? - ANSWER
Small, flat, nonpalpable, discolored lesion
Sebaceous glands excrete a mixture that lubricates the hair and skin. What is this mixture called? -
ANSWER Sebum
A nursing instructor is teaching students about skin structure. The instructor evaluates student
knowledge of the epidermis based on which of the following statements? - ANSWER "Keratinized
epithelial cells formed in The deepest layer of the epidermis migrate to the skin surface to replace
cells that are lost during normal skin shedding."
The health care provider has just completed a skin assessment on a client. The client asks what
causes the numerous freckles that she has. The best response is: - ANSWER Localized collections of
eumelanin contribute to the development.
Lichenified skin is defined as being which one of the following? - ANSWER Thickened skin with
exaggerated markings
When explaining why some children have albinism, the science teacher explains that which enzyme
is needed for synthesis of melanin? - ANSWER Tyrosinase
A nurse assesses a patient with a 3-cm lipoma in the subcutaneous tissue. Which of the following
terms would best describe this lesion? - ANSWER Nodule
While working in an allergy clinic, the nurse notices that many patients come in with all types of skin
reactions. The nurse working in this area knows that which cells play a role in the development of
allergic skin condition? - ANSWER LangerhANSWER cells
, A patient comes to the clinic with multiple bug bites to the legs bilaterally and severe pruritus. The
nurse anticipates that the patient will be prescribed which of the following medications? - ANSWER
Nonsedating antihistamines
Skin disorders are easily identified, as they look exactly alike regardless of the native skin color of the
individual. - ANSWER False
What is the source of nutrition for the epidermis? - ANSWER The dermis
A 40-year-old male client has a congenital syndrome that affects the function of the LangerhANSWER
cells of his epidermis. The man's care provider would expect which of the following manifestations
of his condition? - ANSWER Increased susceptibility to infection
Which statement concerning blood flow to the skin is true? - ANSWER Arteriovenous anastomoses in
the skin regulate temperature.
The nurse planning a sun safety community education class should include the information that the
increased melanin produced by dark-colored skin decreases the risk for which of the following? -
ANSWER Skin cancer
A patient states he has "pruritus." Which of the following questions should the nurse ask? - ANSWER
"Where do you feel itching?"
Select the cells of the epidermis that are responsible for providing sensory information. - ANSWER
Merkel cells
The skin assessment of an African American patient reveals the presence of white areas on the skin
that are flat, nonpalpable, less than 1cm in diameter, and have a circumscribed border. The nurse
documents the presence of which of the following? - ANSWER Macule
A client is concerned about developing melasma and asks the nurse about risk factors. The most
appropriate response by the nurse would be that melasma: Select all that apply. - ANSWER • Is
common in women
• Frequently occurs in populations of Asian, Indian, or South American descent
Select the statement that best describes skin disorders. - ANSWER Skin color may influence the
appearance of the skin disorder.
A patient with albinism has a genetic lack of which of the following enzymes? - ANSWER Tyrosinase
The first-line treatment for dry skin is moisturizing agents. How do these agents work? - ANSWER
Repairing the skin barrier
A patient comes to the clinic with continuous blistering on both arms and legs and is diagnosed as
having a bullous pemphigoid. The nurse teaches the patient that the blisters are occurring in in
which layer of the skin? - ANSWER Basement membrane
A nurse is assessing a patient's apocrine sweat glands. Which of the following locations should be
looked at? Select all that apply. - ANSWER • Axillae
• Anal area
• Genitals
The pars reticularis is characterized by what? - ANSWER Three-dimensional collagen bundles
