FGCU Pharmacology Exam 1
Generic Drugs - Chemicals that are produced by companies involved solely in the manufacturing
of drugs
Bioavailability of the drug may be different than brand name drug
Less expensive than brand name drug
DEA Schedule III (3 examples) - Less abuse potential than schedule II and moderate dependence
liability
Nonbarbiturate sedatives, nonamphetamine stimulates, limited amounts of certain narcotics
Drug Evaluation: Preclinical Trials - Drugs are tested on laboratory ANIMALS to see if the drug has
effects on living tissue organisms and to assess for adverse effects
Drug Evaluation: Phase I Studies - Chemicals tested on HEALTHY HUMANS volunteers
Informed consent is obtained
Usually male 150lbs
Women of childbearing age are eliminated
Drug may cause unknown harm to ova
Drug Evaluation: Phase II Studies - Drug trailed on informed PATIENTS WITH THE DISEASE that the
drug is intended to treat
Drug Evaluation: Phase III Studies - Drug used in VAST CLINICAL MARKET
Drug Evaluation: FDA Approval - Drugs that finish phase III trials are evaluated by the FDA; if
approved my be marketed
Drug Evaluation: Phase IV Studies - Continual evaluation of drug
The DEA has how many schedules of controlled substances? - 5
,DEA Schedule I (3 examples) - High abuse potential and NO accepted medical use
Heroin, marijuana, LSD
DEA Schedule II (3 examples) - High abuse potential with severe dependence liability
Narcotics, amphetamines, barbiturates
Medication Administration: Nursing Responsibility - Administering the drug
Assessing drug effects
Intervening to make the drug regimen more tolerable
Providing patient education about drugs and the drug regimen Monitoring the overall patient care plan
to prevent medication errors
DEA Schedule IV (3 examples) - Less abuse than schedule III and limited dependence liability
Some sedatives, anti-anxiety agents, nonarcotic analgesics
DEA Schedule V (3 examples) - Limited abuse potential
Small amounts of narcotics (codeine), antitussives, antidiarrheals
Limited quantities may be purchased directly from a pharmacist
Must be 18 w/ suitable identification
All transactions must be recorded
Why would DAW be written on a prescription? Who writes it? - So that generic drugs will not be
substituted for brand name drugs
It is written by the prescriber.
What are some problems with over-the-counter (OTC) drugs? - Mask the signs and symptoms of
underlying disease, making difficult diagnosis
, Could result in drug interactions and interfere with drug therapy
Can result in serious overdoes if not taken correctly
What is an example of a serious overdoses caused by an OTC? - Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
overdoes can result in liver failure and the need for a liver transplant
What is pharmacodynamics? - How the drug affects the body (the mechanism of action)
The study of the interactions between the chemical components of living systems and foreign in
chemicals, including drugs that enter living organisms
What is pharmacokinetics? - The way the body deals with the drug
The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism (biotransformation), and excretion of drugs
What is the onset of the drug, and is it part of the pharmacodynamics or pharmacokinetics? -
(Pharmacokinetics) how long it will take to see the beginning of the drugs therapeutic effect
What is a drug half life, and is it part of the pharmacodynamics or pharmacokinetics? What is the half life
affected by? - (Pharmacokinetics) The drug half life is how long it take the drug to decrease by
half.
Example 100mg acetaminophen given at 1500 half life is p4h
At 1900 the drug will be down to 50mg
At 2300 the drug will be down to 25mg
It is affected by absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
What is the peak effect, and is it part of the pharmacodynamics or pharmacokinetics? -
(Pharmacokinetics) how long it will take to see the maximum effect of the drug
What is the duration, and is it part of the pharmacodynamics or pharmacokinetics? -
(Pharmacokinetics) how long the patient will experience the drug effects
Generic Drugs - Chemicals that are produced by companies involved solely in the manufacturing
of drugs
Bioavailability of the drug may be different than brand name drug
Less expensive than brand name drug
DEA Schedule III (3 examples) - Less abuse potential than schedule II and moderate dependence
liability
Nonbarbiturate sedatives, nonamphetamine stimulates, limited amounts of certain narcotics
Drug Evaluation: Preclinical Trials - Drugs are tested on laboratory ANIMALS to see if the drug has
effects on living tissue organisms and to assess for adverse effects
Drug Evaluation: Phase I Studies - Chemicals tested on HEALTHY HUMANS volunteers
Informed consent is obtained
Usually male 150lbs
Women of childbearing age are eliminated
Drug may cause unknown harm to ova
Drug Evaluation: Phase II Studies - Drug trailed on informed PATIENTS WITH THE DISEASE that the
drug is intended to treat
Drug Evaluation: Phase III Studies - Drug used in VAST CLINICAL MARKET
Drug Evaluation: FDA Approval - Drugs that finish phase III trials are evaluated by the FDA; if
approved my be marketed
Drug Evaluation: Phase IV Studies - Continual evaluation of drug
The DEA has how many schedules of controlled substances? - 5
,DEA Schedule I (3 examples) - High abuse potential and NO accepted medical use
Heroin, marijuana, LSD
DEA Schedule II (3 examples) - High abuse potential with severe dependence liability
Narcotics, amphetamines, barbiturates
Medication Administration: Nursing Responsibility - Administering the drug
Assessing drug effects
Intervening to make the drug regimen more tolerable
Providing patient education about drugs and the drug regimen Monitoring the overall patient care plan
to prevent medication errors
DEA Schedule IV (3 examples) - Less abuse than schedule III and limited dependence liability
Some sedatives, anti-anxiety agents, nonarcotic analgesics
DEA Schedule V (3 examples) - Limited abuse potential
Small amounts of narcotics (codeine), antitussives, antidiarrheals
Limited quantities may be purchased directly from a pharmacist
Must be 18 w/ suitable identification
All transactions must be recorded
Why would DAW be written on a prescription? Who writes it? - So that generic drugs will not be
substituted for brand name drugs
It is written by the prescriber.
What are some problems with over-the-counter (OTC) drugs? - Mask the signs and symptoms of
underlying disease, making difficult diagnosis
, Could result in drug interactions and interfere with drug therapy
Can result in serious overdoes if not taken correctly
What is an example of a serious overdoses caused by an OTC? - Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
overdoes can result in liver failure and the need for a liver transplant
What is pharmacodynamics? - How the drug affects the body (the mechanism of action)
The study of the interactions between the chemical components of living systems and foreign in
chemicals, including drugs that enter living organisms
What is pharmacokinetics? - The way the body deals with the drug
The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism (biotransformation), and excretion of drugs
What is the onset of the drug, and is it part of the pharmacodynamics or pharmacokinetics? -
(Pharmacokinetics) how long it will take to see the beginning of the drugs therapeutic effect
What is a drug half life, and is it part of the pharmacodynamics or pharmacokinetics? What is the half life
affected by? - (Pharmacokinetics) The drug half life is how long it take the drug to decrease by
half.
Example 100mg acetaminophen given at 1500 half life is p4h
At 1900 the drug will be down to 50mg
At 2300 the drug will be down to 25mg
It is affected by absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
What is the peak effect, and is it part of the pharmacodynamics or pharmacokinetics? -
(Pharmacokinetics) how long it will take to see the maximum effect of the drug
What is the duration, and is it part of the pharmacodynamics or pharmacokinetics? -
(Pharmacokinetics) how long the patient will experience the drug effects
