Straighterline BIO 202 A&P2 FINAL EXAM
List 2 ways in which the structure of the autonomic nervous system differs from the
structure of the somatic nervous system. - ANSWER: - The somatic NS innervates
skeletal muscle, and the autonomic NS innervates cardiac muscle
- The somatic NS has sensations that can be consciously perceived, but the
autonomic NS has sensory input that cannot be consciously perceived.
In the sympathetic NS, what is the specific location of the preganglionic neuron cell
bodies (nuclei)? - ANSWER: Found in lateral gray horns of the twelve thoracic and
first 2-3 lumbar segments of the spinal cord
The chromatin cells contain which type of receptor?
A. a1 (alpha 1)
B. nicotinic
C. muscarinic
D. ß2 (Beta 2)
E. ß1 (Beta 1) - ANSWER: B. nicotinic
Prevertebral ganglia contain neurons that innervate tissues and organs in which
body cavity?
A. pericardial
B. abdominopelvic
C. thoracic
D. pleural
E. cranial - ANSWER: B. abdominopelvic
Preganglionic sympathetic axons may travel up or down in the sympathetic chain
ganglion and then synapse with:
A. other preganglionic neurons
B. cranial nerves
C. sensory neurons
D. postganglionic neurons - ANSWER: D. postganglionic neurons
Which of the following cranial nerves contains parasympathetic fibers? SELECT ALL
THAT APPLY
A. Hypoglossal XII
B. Optic II
C. Oculomotor III
D. Vestibulocochlear VIII
E. Facial VII - ANSWER: C & E
,True/False
A preganglionic neuron has its unmyelinated axon extending from the ganglion to
the effector. - ANSWER: False
True/False
The autonomic nervous system is unique because it has only one neuron that
synapses in an autonomic ganglion. Hence it has only preganglionic neurons not
postganglionic neurons. - ANSWER: False
Which of these would help maintain homeostasis?
A. when blood pressure decreases, heart rate decreases
B. following excess blood loss, blood pressure drops
C. when a person drinks large quantities of water, urine volume decreases
D. as body temp increases, sweating occurs - ANSWER: D. as body temp increases,
sweating occurs
All pre-ganglionic neurons secrete ________ (neurotransmitter).
A. serotonin
B. acetylcholine
C. dopamine
D. epinephrine
E. norepinephrine - ANSWER: B. acetylcholine
As part of maintaining homeostasis, hormones secreted by endocrine cells are
inactivated continuously to
A. stimulate production
B. absorb metabolic waste
C. prevent accumulation
D. free receptor sites - ANSWER: C. prevent accumulation
Describe an antagonist hormone relationship and give one example of an
antagonistic hormone. - ANSWER: Antagonist hormone relationship: insulin and
glucagon
Antagonistic hormone: GHRH is antagonistic to GHIH
Which of the following pairs is an example of hormones relating to each other in a
synergistic manner?
A. glucagon & insulin
B. inhibin & testosterone
C. cortisol & androgens
,D. PTH & calcitonin
E. ADH & aldosterone - ANSWER: E. ADH & aldosterone
If levels of calcium are high in the blood, what hormone would restore calcium to
homeostasis?
A. PTH
B. calcitonin
C. calcitriol
D. insulin
E. glucagon - ANSWER: B. calcitonin
Loss of pituitary function can result in deficiencies/loss of which of the following
hormones' secretions? Select all that apply.
A. growth hormone
B. luteinizing hormone
C. prolactin
D. follicle stimulating hormone
E. corticotropin-releasing hormone - ANSWER: A, B, C, & D
Oxytocin secretion is stimulated by
A. increased blood pressure
B. GnRH
C. stretches of the uterus
D. stress
E. decreased blood osmolality - ANSWER: C. stretches of the uterus
The vascular arrangement of the hypophyseal portal system
A. ensures that adequate amounts of releasing and inhibiting hormones are
produced
B. ensures that all hormones destined for the pituitary are diluted in general
circulation before entering the anterior pituitary
C. consists of axons that extend from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary
D. provides efficient means of ensuring that all hypothalamic hormones will reach
target cells in the anterior pituitary before being diluted in general circulation -
ANSWER: D. provides efficient means of ensuring that all hypothalamic hormones
will reach target cells in the anterior pituitary before being diluted in general
circulation
Thyroid and steroid hormones, which exert their effect on target cells by way of
nuclear receptors, have which of the following characteristics?
A. the ability to regulate surface receptor affinity
B. both lipid solubility & water solubility
, C. the selective use of a second messenger
D. the ability to cross the cell membrane of target cells - ANSWER: D. the ability to
cross the cell membrane of target cells
What is the effect of ACE secretion by the lungs?
A. converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II
B. inhibits secretion of ADH and aldosterone
C. converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I - ANSWER: A. converts angiotensin I to
angiotensin II
Thyroid hormone secretion will increase if
A. there is an increase in blood potassium level
B. a person is living in a cold environment
C. a person's blood calcium level is low
D. a person's blood pressure is elevated - ANSWER: B. a person is living in a cold
environment
All of these are true EXCEPT
A. cranial nerve IX passes through the otic ganglia and supplies the parotid salivary
gland
B. the hypogastric plexus is located in the area of the lower lumbar and sacral
regions, with the nerves leaving this plexus supplying the sigmoid colon and genitalia
C. the greater splanchnic nerve synapses in the Celiac ganglion and supplies the
stomach and spleen
D. the adrenal medulla is innervated by the craniosacral division of the ANS
E. the post-ganglionic neurons leaving the middle and inferior cervical ganglia of the
sympathetic chain ganglia supply the heart - ANSWER: D. the adrenal medulla is
innervated by the craniosacral division of the ANS
Which cranial nerve (name & number) contains parasympathetic preganglionic axons
that travel to the heart?
A. Oculomotor III
B. Vagus X
C. Glossopharyngeal IX
D. Facial VII
E. Trigeminal V - ANSWER: B. Vagus X
Which of the following cells may eventually become spermatozoa?
A. spermatogonia
B. chief cells
C. sustentacular cells
D. sertoli cells - ANSWER: A. spermatogonia
List 2 ways in which the structure of the autonomic nervous system differs from the
structure of the somatic nervous system. - ANSWER: - The somatic NS innervates
skeletal muscle, and the autonomic NS innervates cardiac muscle
- The somatic NS has sensations that can be consciously perceived, but the
autonomic NS has sensory input that cannot be consciously perceived.
In the sympathetic NS, what is the specific location of the preganglionic neuron cell
bodies (nuclei)? - ANSWER: Found in lateral gray horns of the twelve thoracic and
first 2-3 lumbar segments of the spinal cord
The chromatin cells contain which type of receptor?
A. a1 (alpha 1)
B. nicotinic
C. muscarinic
D. ß2 (Beta 2)
E. ß1 (Beta 1) - ANSWER: B. nicotinic
Prevertebral ganglia contain neurons that innervate tissues and organs in which
body cavity?
A. pericardial
B. abdominopelvic
C. thoracic
D. pleural
E. cranial - ANSWER: B. abdominopelvic
Preganglionic sympathetic axons may travel up or down in the sympathetic chain
ganglion and then synapse with:
A. other preganglionic neurons
B. cranial nerves
C. sensory neurons
D. postganglionic neurons - ANSWER: D. postganglionic neurons
Which of the following cranial nerves contains parasympathetic fibers? SELECT ALL
THAT APPLY
A. Hypoglossal XII
B. Optic II
C. Oculomotor III
D. Vestibulocochlear VIII
E. Facial VII - ANSWER: C & E
,True/False
A preganglionic neuron has its unmyelinated axon extending from the ganglion to
the effector. - ANSWER: False
True/False
The autonomic nervous system is unique because it has only one neuron that
synapses in an autonomic ganglion. Hence it has only preganglionic neurons not
postganglionic neurons. - ANSWER: False
Which of these would help maintain homeostasis?
A. when blood pressure decreases, heart rate decreases
B. following excess blood loss, blood pressure drops
C. when a person drinks large quantities of water, urine volume decreases
D. as body temp increases, sweating occurs - ANSWER: D. as body temp increases,
sweating occurs
All pre-ganglionic neurons secrete ________ (neurotransmitter).
A. serotonin
B. acetylcholine
C. dopamine
D. epinephrine
E. norepinephrine - ANSWER: B. acetylcholine
As part of maintaining homeostasis, hormones secreted by endocrine cells are
inactivated continuously to
A. stimulate production
B. absorb metabolic waste
C. prevent accumulation
D. free receptor sites - ANSWER: C. prevent accumulation
Describe an antagonist hormone relationship and give one example of an
antagonistic hormone. - ANSWER: Antagonist hormone relationship: insulin and
glucagon
Antagonistic hormone: GHRH is antagonistic to GHIH
Which of the following pairs is an example of hormones relating to each other in a
synergistic manner?
A. glucagon & insulin
B. inhibin & testosterone
C. cortisol & androgens
,D. PTH & calcitonin
E. ADH & aldosterone - ANSWER: E. ADH & aldosterone
If levels of calcium are high in the blood, what hormone would restore calcium to
homeostasis?
A. PTH
B. calcitonin
C. calcitriol
D. insulin
E. glucagon - ANSWER: B. calcitonin
Loss of pituitary function can result in deficiencies/loss of which of the following
hormones' secretions? Select all that apply.
A. growth hormone
B. luteinizing hormone
C. prolactin
D. follicle stimulating hormone
E. corticotropin-releasing hormone - ANSWER: A, B, C, & D
Oxytocin secretion is stimulated by
A. increased blood pressure
B. GnRH
C. stretches of the uterus
D. stress
E. decreased blood osmolality - ANSWER: C. stretches of the uterus
The vascular arrangement of the hypophyseal portal system
A. ensures that adequate amounts of releasing and inhibiting hormones are
produced
B. ensures that all hormones destined for the pituitary are diluted in general
circulation before entering the anterior pituitary
C. consists of axons that extend from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary
D. provides efficient means of ensuring that all hypothalamic hormones will reach
target cells in the anterior pituitary before being diluted in general circulation -
ANSWER: D. provides efficient means of ensuring that all hypothalamic hormones
will reach target cells in the anterior pituitary before being diluted in general
circulation
Thyroid and steroid hormones, which exert their effect on target cells by way of
nuclear receptors, have which of the following characteristics?
A. the ability to regulate surface receptor affinity
B. both lipid solubility & water solubility
, C. the selective use of a second messenger
D. the ability to cross the cell membrane of target cells - ANSWER: D. the ability to
cross the cell membrane of target cells
What is the effect of ACE secretion by the lungs?
A. converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II
B. inhibits secretion of ADH and aldosterone
C. converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I - ANSWER: A. converts angiotensin I to
angiotensin II
Thyroid hormone secretion will increase if
A. there is an increase in blood potassium level
B. a person is living in a cold environment
C. a person's blood calcium level is low
D. a person's blood pressure is elevated - ANSWER: B. a person is living in a cold
environment
All of these are true EXCEPT
A. cranial nerve IX passes through the otic ganglia and supplies the parotid salivary
gland
B. the hypogastric plexus is located in the area of the lower lumbar and sacral
regions, with the nerves leaving this plexus supplying the sigmoid colon and genitalia
C. the greater splanchnic nerve synapses in the Celiac ganglion and supplies the
stomach and spleen
D. the adrenal medulla is innervated by the craniosacral division of the ANS
E. the post-ganglionic neurons leaving the middle and inferior cervical ganglia of the
sympathetic chain ganglia supply the heart - ANSWER: D. the adrenal medulla is
innervated by the craniosacral division of the ANS
Which cranial nerve (name & number) contains parasympathetic preganglionic axons
that travel to the heart?
A. Oculomotor III
B. Vagus X
C. Glossopharyngeal IX
D. Facial VII
E. Trigeminal V - ANSWER: B. Vagus X
Which of the following cells may eventually become spermatozoa?
A. spermatogonia
B. chief cells
C. sustentacular cells
D. sertoli cells - ANSWER: A. spermatogonia
