MLS Urinalysis Exam Questions and
Answers
_______ is a highly pigmented degradation product of hemoglobin and must be
eliminated from the body. - ANSWER-Bilirubin
________ is the major serum protein found in urine, but most plasma ________ is not
filtered by the glomerulus. - ANSWER-Albumin; albumin
__________ is freely filtered by glomerulus and under normal circumstances is
completely reabsorbed in the PCT. - ANSWER-Glucose
__________ on reagent strip shows high occurrence of false positive results, so all
positives are confirmed using the __________. - ANSWER-Bilirubin, ictotest
__________ seen in early diabetic nephropathy is NOT picked up on routine dipstick. -
ANSWER-Microalbumin
___________ are produced by bacteria that are able to reduce nitrate in the urine. -
ANSWER-Nitrites
____________ can be mistaken for alcohol intoxication. - ANSWER-Ketoacidosis
_______________ must ALWAYS be consulted when identifying urine crystals. -
ANSWER-pH
__________, ______________ or ___________ lysed in urine, cannot be differentiated,
so other tests must be performed. - ANSWER-Hemoglobin, myoglobin, RBCs
A 35-year-old diabetic woman is suspected of developing renal insufficiency. Which of
the following specimens should be obtained to determine the amount of creatinine being
excreted in the urine? - ANSWER-24 hour timed collection
A birefringent substance is one that: - ANSWER-Refracts light in two different
dimensions at 90 degrees to each other
A complete urinalysis consists of what 3 parts? - ANSWER-Physical exam, chemical
exam, microscopic exam
A fresh urine specimen should be requested when which of the the following results is
found? - ANSWER-pH of 9.0 with ammonium biurate crystals
A positive leukocyte esterase in urine often accompanies what? - ANSWER-Infection
,A positive nitrite in a urine specimen suggests the presence of which of the following? -
ANSWER-Bacteria
A positive nitrite may indicate what? - ANSWER-Cystitis or pyelonephritis (Diagnosis of
UTI)
A positive urine leukocyte esterase result is often accompanied by what? - ANSWER-
Positive nitrite and bacteria on microscopic exam (also found in presence of yeast and
trichomonas infection)
A positive urine leukocyte esterase result should correlate with what other result? -
ANSWER-WBCs on microscopic exam
A reagent strip impregnated with a daizonium salt, such as 2, 4-dichloroaniline, is used
to determine which analyte? - ANSWER-Bilirubin
A routine urinalysis is performed on a young child suffering from diarrhea. The reagent
test strip is negative for glucose but positive for ketones. These results may be
explained by which of the following statements? - ANSWER-The child has increased
catabolism of fat because of decreased intestinal absorption
A semen sample should be completely liquefied after how many hours? - ANSWER-
One (reported normal or abnormal)
A tablet is placed on a mat and H2O is added and allowed to run off of tablet and
bilirubin on mat turns blue/purple describes what test? - ANSWER-Ictotest
A urine sample is primarily acidic in nature (pH 5.0-6.0), but can vary depending on the
time of day and diet. What is the overall normal range for urine pH? - ANSWER-4.5-8.0
A urine specimen is tested for glucose by reagent strip and by the Clinitest method. The
reagent strip result is 100 mg/dland the Clinitest result is 500 mg/dl. Which of the
following statements would best account for this discrepancy? - ANSWER-A large
amount of ascorbic acid is present in, the specimen
A urine that produces a large amount of white foam should be suspected to contain
increased amounts of which substance? - ANSWER-Protein
A white precipitate in a normal alkaline urine most likely is caused by: - ANSWER-
Amorphous phosphates
Acidic pH of semen may indicate what? - ANSWER-Blockage of seminal vesicles
Acute glomerulonephritis = ? - ANSWER-RBC cast
,After verifying patient ID, whole sample is sent to where for initial gross exam? -
ANSWER-Hematology
All of the following can result in inaccurate urine pH measurement except: - ANSWER-
High amounts of protein in the sample
All of the following enhance the formation of urinary casts except: - ANSWER-A pH >
8.0
An increase in this white blood cell, typically reported as a %, may be useful in
confirming a diagnosis of acute interstitial nephritis. - ANSWER-Eosinophil
An unpreserved urine specimen collected at midnight is kept at room temperature until
the next morning. Which of the following changes most likely will occur? - ANSWER-
Analytical components of a quality assurance program or procedures are policies that
affect the: - ANSWER-Technical testing of the specimen
Antidiuretic hormone regulates the reabsorption of which of the following? - ANSWER-
Water in the collecting tubules
B2M is not a reliable test in patients with? - ANSWER-Malignancy
Bacteria, roughage, GI secretions, bile, electrolytes and water are components of what?
- ANSWER-Stool
Bacterial infection, yeast infection, and trichomonas infection are common causes of
what? - ANSWER-Vaginitis
Bacterial vaginosis = ? - ANSWER-Bacterial infection
Based on the physical exam, which of the following urine samples would be least likely
to contain blood and/or hemoglobin? - ANSWER-Cloudy amber urine
Benzidine, o-toluidine and gum guaiac are three different methods for what test? -
ANSWER-Occult blood
Bile obstruction what color stool? - ANSWER-Pale
Black/tarry stool = ? - ANSWER-Upper GI bleed (very bad)
Blood is occult at? - ANSWER-2mL
Blood may be present in urine as intact _________ or may be detected as _________. -
ANSWER-RBCs, hemoglobin
, Bulky/frothy stool = ? - ANSWER-Malabsorption
Calcium pyrophosphate = ? - ANSWER-Pseudogout
Chemotherapy for leukemia can cause what with regards to synovial fluid? - ANSWER-
Uric acid crystals/gout
Clinitest is sensitive to these non-glucose reducing substances and mainly used to
detect _____________. - ANSWER-Galactose
Crenated = ? - ANSWER-Hypertonic urine
Crystals associated with severe liver disease include all of the following except: -
ANSWER-Cystine
Cystinuria is termed when what crystals are found in urine? - ANSWER-Cystine
Damage to liver allows leakage of _______ _______ into bloodstream. - ANSWER-
Conjugated bilirubin
Decreased levels of ________ are seen in obstruction of the bile duct. - ANSWER-
Urobilinogen
Decreased levels of what are seen in cases of CSF leakage? - ANSWER-Protein
Decreased levels of what may be seen in bacterial meningitis? - ANSWER-Glucose
Decreased renal excretion of uric acid can cause what with regards to synovial fluid? -
ANSWER-Uric acid crystals/gout
Degenerative arthritis producing cartilage calcification and endocrine disorders
producing elevated serum calcium levels are causes of what in regards to synovial
fluid? - ANSWER-Calcium pyrophosphate/pseudogout
Degenerative arthritis producing cartilage calcification can cause what with regards to
synovial fluid? - ANSWER-Calcium pyrophosphate/pseudogout
Diets high in meats, alcohol and fructose can cause what with regards to synovial fluid?
- ANSWER-Uric acid crystals/gout
Directly after collection, what should be done to a synovial fluid to prepare it for
hematologic analysis? - ANSWER-Transfer a portion to an EDTA tube
Does amorphous urates have clinical significance? - ANSWER-NO
Answers
_______ is a highly pigmented degradation product of hemoglobin and must be
eliminated from the body. - ANSWER-Bilirubin
________ is the major serum protein found in urine, but most plasma ________ is not
filtered by the glomerulus. - ANSWER-Albumin; albumin
__________ is freely filtered by glomerulus and under normal circumstances is
completely reabsorbed in the PCT. - ANSWER-Glucose
__________ on reagent strip shows high occurrence of false positive results, so all
positives are confirmed using the __________. - ANSWER-Bilirubin, ictotest
__________ seen in early diabetic nephropathy is NOT picked up on routine dipstick. -
ANSWER-Microalbumin
___________ are produced by bacteria that are able to reduce nitrate in the urine. -
ANSWER-Nitrites
____________ can be mistaken for alcohol intoxication. - ANSWER-Ketoacidosis
_______________ must ALWAYS be consulted when identifying urine crystals. -
ANSWER-pH
__________, ______________ or ___________ lysed in urine, cannot be differentiated,
so other tests must be performed. - ANSWER-Hemoglobin, myoglobin, RBCs
A 35-year-old diabetic woman is suspected of developing renal insufficiency. Which of
the following specimens should be obtained to determine the amount of creatinine being
excreted in the urine? - ANSWER-24 hour timed collection
A birefringent substance is one that: - ANSWER-Refracts light in two different
dimensions at 90 degrees to each other
A complete urinalysis consists of what 3 parts? - ANSWER-Physical exam, chemical
exam, microscopic exam
A fresh urine specimen should be requested when which of the the following results is
found? - ANSWER-pH of 9.0 with ammonium biurate crystals
A positive leukocyte esterase in urine often accompanies what? - ANSWER-Infection
,A positive nitrite in a urine specimen suggests the presence of which of the following? -
ANSWER-Bacteria
A positive nitrite may indicate what? - ANSWER-Cystitis or pyelonephritis (Diagnosis of
UTI)
A positive urine leukocyte esterase result is often accompanied by what? - ANSWER-
Positive nitrite and bacteria on microscopic exam (also found in presence of yeast and
trichomonas infection)
A positive urine leukocyte esterase result should correlate with what other result? -
ANSWER-WBCs on microscopic exam
A reagent strip impregnated with a daizonium salt, such as 2, 4-dichloroaniline, is used
to determine which analyte? - ANSWER-Bilirubin
A routine urinalysis is performed on a young child suffering from diarrhea. The reagent
test strip is negative for glucose but positive for ketones. These results may be
explained by which of the following statements? - ANSWER-The child has increased
catabolism of fat because of decreased intestinal absorption
A semen sample should be completely liquefied after how many hours? - ANSWER-
One (reported normal or abnormal)
A tablet is placed on a mat and H2O is added and allowed to run off of tablet and
bilirubin on mat turns blue/purple describes what test? - ANSWER-Ictotest
A urine sample is primarily acidic in nature (pH 5.0-6.0), but can vary depending on the
time of day and diet. What is the overall normal range for urine pH? - ANSWER-4.5-8.0
A urine specimen is tested for glucose by reagent strip and by the Clinitest method. The
reagent strip result is 100 mg/dland the Clinitest result is 500 mg/dl. Which of the
following statements would best account for this discrepancy? - ANSWER-A large
amount of ascorbic acid is present in, the specimen
A urine that produces a large amount of white foam should be suspected to contain
increased amounts of which substance? - ANSWER-Protein
A white precipitate in a normal alkaline urine most likely is caused by: - ANSWER-
Amorphous phosphates
Acidic pH of semen may indicate what? - ANSWER-Blockage of seminal vesicles
Acute glomerulonephritis = ? - ANSWER-RBC cast
,After verifying patient ID, whole sample is sent to where for initial gross exam? -
ANSWER-Hematology
All of the following can result in inaccurate urine pH measurement except: - ANSWER-
High amounts of protein in the sample
All of the following enhance the formation of urinary casts except: - ANSWER-A pH >
8.0
An increase in this white blood cell, typically reported as a %, may be useful in
confirming a diagnosis of acute interstitial nephritis. - ANSWER-Eosinophil
An unpreserved urine specimen collected at midnight is kept at room temperature until
the next morning. Which of the following changes most likely will occur? - ANSWER-
Analytical components of a quality assurance program or procedures are policies that
affect the: - ANSWER-Technical testing of the specimen
Antidiuretic hormone regulates the reabsorption of which of the following? - ANSWER-
Water in the collecting tubules
B2M is not a reliable test in patients with? - ANSWER-Malignancy
Bacteria, roughage, GI secretions, bile, electrolytes and water are components of what?
- ANSWER-Stool
Bacterial infection, yeast infection, and trichomonas infection are common causes of
what? - ANSWER-Vaginitis
Bacterial vaginosis = ? - ANSWER-Bacterial infection
Based on the physical exam, which of the following urine samples would be least likely
to contain blood and/or hemoglobin? - ANSWER-Cloudy amber urine
Benzidine, o-toluidine and gum guaiac are three different methods for what test? -
ANSWER-Occult blood
Bile obstruction what color stool? - ANSWER-Pale
Black/tarry stool = ? - ANSWER-Upper GI bleed (very bad)
Blood is occult at? - ANSWER-2mL
Blood may be present in urine as intact _________ or may be detected as _________. -
ANSWER-RBCs, hemoglobin
, Bulky/frothy stool = ? - ANSWER-Malabsorption
Calcium pyrophosphate = ? - ANSWER-Pseudogout
Chemotherapy for leukemia can cause what with regards to synovial fluid? - ANSWER-
Uric acid crystals/gout
Clinitest is sensitive to these non-glucose reducing substances and mainly used to
detect _____________. - ANSWER-Galactose
Crenated = ? - ANSWER-Hypertonic urine
Crystals associated with severe liver disease include all of the following except: -
ANSWER-Cystine
Cystinuria is termed when what crystals are found in urine? - ANSWER-Cystine
Damage to liver allows leakage of _______ _______ into bloodstream. - ANSWER-
Conjugated bilirubin
Decreased levels of ________ are seen in obstruction of the bile duct. - ANSWER-
Urobilinogen
Decreased levels of what are seen in cases of CSF leakage? - ANSWER-Protein
Decreased levels of what may be seen in bacterial meningitis? - ANSWER-Glucose
Decreased renal excretion of uric acid can cause what with regards to synovial fluid? -
ANSWER-Uric acid crystals/gout
Degenerative arthritis producing cartilage calcification and endocrine disorders
producing elevated serum calcium levels are causes of what in regards to synovial
fluid? - ANSWER-Calcium pyrophosphate/pseudogout
Degenerative arthritis producing cartilage calcification can cause what with regards to
synovial fluid? - ANSWER-Calcium pyrophosphate/pseudogout
Diets high in meats, alcohol and fructose can cause what with regards to synovial fluid?
- ANSWER-Uric acid crystals/gout
Directly after collection, what should be done to a synovial fluid to prepare it for
hematologic analysis? - ANSWER-Transfer a portion to an EDTA tube
Does amorphous urates have clinical significance? - ANSWER-NO
