GTC Microbiology Final Review! || with Errorless Solutions
100%.
What is septicemia? correct answers a systematic disease caused by presence of pathogenic
microorganisms or toxins in the blood
How does it differ from bacteremia? correct answers bacteremia is bacteria in the blood.
Septicemia is the presence of microoganisms in the blood.
What is the cause of endotoxic shock? correct answers the LPS layer of gram negative bacteria
contains endotoxins that are released when large amounts of gram negative bacteria are killed-
thus leading to endotoxic shock.
What is the cause of puerperal fever? correct answers Strep. pyogenes
Explain how rheumatic fever develops? correct answers rheumatic fever is caused by a Strep.
pyogenes infection. It's a sequelae - or aftermath of the disease.
What type of hypersensitivity is that? correct answers type 3- immunocomplex
Name two types of bacteria that cause acute bacterial endocarditis: correct answers Staph aureus,
Strep pneumonia, viridians streptococcus
What causes cat scratch fever? correct answers Bartonella
Name the signs of cat scratch fever: correct answers lymph node enlargement in children
What does it mean that the disease often is "subclinical"? correct answers it means that there are
no apparent symptoms or signs
Name the causative agent in plague: correct answers Yersinia
What is a buboe? correct answers lymph node enlargement
What type of plague has the highest mortality? correct answers pneumonic- 100% mortality
within 3 days
How does transmission of plague occur? correct answers bubonic: through flea bites that were
infected by rodents. pneumonic: through human to human contact
Can the plague be treated? correct answers yes- streptomycin and tetracycline
Name the bacteria that cause lyme disease: correct answers Borrelia
How is it transmitted? correct answers tick bites
,Is a bull's eye rash always seen? correct answers in 80% of the cases
What is the bull's eye rash? correct answers Erythema Migrans-it is not always a bullseye and is
not always the site of the tick bite
Can lyme disease be treated? correct answers yes- penicillins, tetracyclines or cephalosporins are
effective in the first phase. Later phases are difficult to treat.
What are some late manifestations of lyme disease? correct answers lyme disease can cause
arthritis (stage 3) and nervous/cardiovascular system problems (stage 2)
How is Rocky Mountain spotted fever transmitted? correct answers through tick bites
Which bacterium causes RMSF? correct answers Rickettsia
What type of rash is seen in RMSF? correct answers petechiae
What are other symptoms? correct answers headache, vomiting, fever, muscle pain, nausea,
abdominal pain
How serious is RMSF? correct answers it is very serious. It can be fatal if not treated- it can
cause multi-system organ failure.
What is the cause of "mono"? correct answers Epstein Barr virus
Which cells are involved in mono? correct answers B lymphocyte
Characterize the virus that causes this disease: correct answers dsDNA/enveloped
Why is this called a "persistent" infection? correct answers it's called persistent because it
invades many organs such as the liver, heart and kidneys
How is it transmitted? correct answers through saliva
What is the cause of Burkitt's lymphoma? correct answers Epstein Barr virus
What are the signs? correct answers night sweats, high fever, weight loss, pain, malaise, diarrhea,
and enlarged lymph nodes.
Who is most at risk for CMV infections? correct answers immunocompromised people
What does CMV stand for? correct answers Cytomegaly virus
What does it mean that this disease is often "subclinical"? correct answers it means that there are
no signs or symptoms in most people
,Name a viral hemorrhagic fever: correct answers Dengue fever, yellow fever or Ebola fever
Name the agent that causes malaria: correct answers Plasmodium vivax
How is it transmitted? correct answers through a mosquito bite-->liver-->red blood cell
What types of symptoms and signs are seen? correct answers intervals of high fever, anemia,
fatigue, jaundice
Is there treatment? What is it? correct answers yes- the antiprotozoan drug chloroquine
What is the concern in infections with Toxoplasma? correct answers it is teratogenic and can
cause birth defects in unborn babies if a pregnant woman contracts it.
Where do these infections come from? correct answers from cat feces-->soil-->plants--
>animals-->humans (eating meat not fully cooked)
Name all of the teratogenic agents signified by the acronym TORCH: correct answers
Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegaly, Herpes
Name a helminth that causes granulomas to form in mulit-organ systems: correct answers
Schistosoma
How do "trench mouth" and "thrush mouth" differ? correct answers "Trench mouth" = acute
necrotizing gingivitis- the overgrowth of certain bacteria with bleeding gums, ulceration, fever
and pain. It is caused by Strep. mutans. "Thrush mouth" is caused by an overgrowth of Candida
albicans- a yeast. It causes creamy white lesions, usually on your tongue or inner cheeks.
Name the common cause of dental caries: correct answers Strep. mutans
Name the cause of "cold sores": correct answers HSV1
Is that eveloped or non enveloped virus? correct answers enveloped
Name the disease that has parotid swelling as a sign: correct answers Mumps
Is this caused by a RNA or DNA virus? correct answers ssRNA - Paramyxoviridae
Why is there a vaccine against this illness? What is the concern? correct answers it can involve
the gonads and lead to sterility
How is this transmitted? correct answers saliva
Name the bacterial cause of the stomach ulcer: correct answers Helicobacter pylori
, Which enzyme does this bacterium make? correct answers urease
How is it treated? correct answers with antibiotic therapy
Name the genus that causes cholera: correct answers Vibrio cholera
How is it transmitted? correct answers fecal-oral
What are the signs? correct answers massive diarrhea (up to 20 L a day!), rice water stool
What does the cholera toxin cause? correct answers it causes ion secretion between the villi - the
water will follow the ions thus causing dehydration
How is it treated? correct answers rehydration and tetracycline-
Why or why not antibiotics effective? correct answers because the disease is due to the toxin.
Name the genus that causes dysentery: correct answers Shigella
What does it mean that this disease has a low ID50? correct answers it only takes a few
organisms to cause disease
How is it transmitted? correct answers fecal oral
What are the signs and symptoms? correct answers fever, diarrhea, blood, abdominal cramps
Gram positive or Gram negative? correct answers gram negative
Where in the body can Salmonella bacteria persist? correct answers it can multiply in the
epithelium of intestinal wall
Is salmonellosis treated with antibiotics? correct answers no- only symptomatic
Why or why not? correct answers antibiotics may prolong the period during which the person
can infect others
What is the causative agent in "Dehli belly"? correct answers E. coli
What type of E. coli is especially dangerous? correct answers enterohemorrhagic O157:H7
What is the cause of typhoid fever? correct answers Salmonella typhi
Human carriers carry this bacteria in which organ? correct answers in the gall bladder
What is the ID50 of this disease? correct answers low- it only takes a few to cause sickness
100%.
What is septicemia? correct answers a systematic disease caused by presence of pathogenic
microorganisms or toxins in the blood
How does it differ from bacteremia? correct answers bacteremia is bacteria in the blood.
Septicemia is the presence of microoganisms in the blood.
What is the cause of endotoxic shock? correct answers the LPS layer of gram negative bacteria
contains endotoxins that are released when large amounts of gram negative bacteria are killed-
thus leading to endotoxic shock.
What is the cause of puerperal fever? correct answers Strep. pyogenes
Explain how rheumatic fever develops? correct answers rheumatic fever is caused by a Strep.
pyogenes infection. It's a sequelae - or aftermath of the disease.
What type of hypersensitivity is that? correct answers type 3- immunocomplex
Name two types of bacteria that cause acute bacterial endocarditis: correct answers Staph aureus,
Strep pneumonia, viridians streptococcus
What causes cat scratch fever? correct answers Bartonella
Name the signs of cat scratch fever: correct answers lymph node enlargement in children
What does it mean that the disease often is "subclinical"? correct answers it means that there are
no apparent symptoms or signs
Name the causative agent in plague: correct answers Yersinia
What is a buboe? correct answers lymph node enlargement
What type of plague has the highest mortality? correct answers pneumonic- 100% mortality
within 3 days
How does transmission of plague occur? correct answers bubonic: through flea bites that were
infected by rodents. pneumonic: through human to human contact
Can the plague be treated? correct answers yes- streptomycin and tetracycline
Name the bacteria that cause lyme disease: correct answers Borrelia
How is it transmitted? correct answers tick bites
,Is a bull's eye rash always seen? correct answers in 80% of the cases
What is the bull's eye rash? correct answers Erythema Migrans-it is not always a bullseye and is
not always the site of the tick bite
Can lyme disease be treated? correct answers yes- penicillins, tetracyclines or cephalosporins are
effective in the first phase. Later phases are difficult to treat.
What are some late manifestations of lyme disease? correct answers lyme disease can cause
arthritis (stage 3) and nervous/cardiovascular system problems (stage 2)
How is Rocky Mountain spotted fever transmitted? correct answers through tick bites
Which bacterium causes RMSF? correct answers Rickettsia
What type of rash is seen in RMSF? correct answers petechiae
What are other symptoms? correct answers headache, vomiting, fever, muscle pain, nausea,
abdominal pain
How serious is RMSF? correct answers it is very serious. It can be fatal if not treated- it can
cause multi-system organ failure.
What is the cause of "mono"? correct answers Epstein Barr virus
Which cells are involved in mono? correct answers B lymphocyte
Characterize the virus that causes this disease: correct answers dsDNA/enveloped
Why is this called a "persistent" infection? correct answers it's called persistent because it
invades many organs such as the liver, heart and kidneys
How is it transmitted? correct answers through saliva
What is the cause of Burkitt's lymphoma? correct answers Epstein Barr virus
What are the signs? correct answers night sweats, high fever, weight loss, pain, malaise, diarrhea,
and enlarged lymph nodes.
Who is most at risk for CMV infections? correct answers immunocompromised people
What does CMV stand for? correct answers Cytomegaly virus
What does it mean that this disease is often "subclinical"? correct answers it means that there are
no signs or symptoms in most people
,Name a viral hemorrhagic fever: correct answers Dengue fever, yellow fever or Ebola fever
Name the agent that causes malaria: correct answers Plasmodium vivax
How is it transmitted? correct answers through a mosquito bite-->liver-->red blood cell
What types of symptoms and signs are seen? correct answers intervals of high fever, anemia,
fatigue, jaundice
Is there treatment? What is it? correct answers yes- the antiprotozoan drug chloroquine
What is the concern in infections with Toxoplasma? correct answers it is teratogenic and can
cause birth defects in unborn babies if a pregnant woman contracts it.
Where do these infections come from? correct answers from cat feces-->soil-->plants--
>animals-->humans (eating meat not fully cooked)
Name all of the teratogenic agents signified by the acronym TORCH: correct answers
Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegaly, Herpes
Name a helminth that causes granulomas to form in mulit-organ systems: correct answers
Schistosoma
How do "trench mouth" and "thrush mouth" differ? correct answers "Trench mouth" = acute
necrotizing gingivitis- the overgrowth of certain bacteria with bleeding gums, ulceration, fever
and pain. It is caused by Strep. mutans. "Thrush mouth" is caused by an overgrowth of Candida
albicans- a yeast. It causes creamy white lesions, usually on your tongue or inner cheeks.
Name the common cause of dental caries: correct answers Strep. mutans
Name the cause of "cold sores": correct answers HSV1
Is that eveloped or non enveloped virus? correct answers enveloped
Name the disease that has parotid swelling as a sign: correct answers Mumps
Is this caused by a RNA or DNA virus? correct answers ssRNA - Paramyxoviridae
Why is there a vaccine against this illness? What is the concern? correct answers it can involve
the gonads and lead to sterility
How is this transmitted? correct answers saliva
Name the bacterial cause of the stomach ulcer: correct answers Helicobacter pylori
, Which enzyme does this bacterium make? correct answers urease
How is it treated? correct answers with antibiotic therapy
Name the genus that causes cholera: correct answers Vibrio cholera
How is it transmitted? correct answers fecal-oral
What are the signs? correct answers massive diarrhea (up to 20 L a day!), rice water stool
What does the cholera toxin cause? correct answers it causes ion secretion between the villi - the
water will follow the ions thus causing dehydration
How is it treated? correct answers rehydration and tetracycline-
Why or why not antibiotics effective? correct answers because the disease is due to the toxin.
Name the genus that causes dysentery: correct answers Shigella
What does it mean that this disease has a low ID50? correct answers it only takes a few
organisms to cause disease
How is it transmitted? correct answers fecal oral
What are the signs and symptoms? correct answers fever, diarrhea, blood, abdominal cramps
Gram positive or Gram negative? correct answers gram negative
Where in the body can Salmonella bacteria persist? correct answers it can multiply in the
epithelium of intestinal wall
Is salmonellosis treated with antibiotics? correct answers no- only symptomatic
Why or why not? correct answers antibiotics may prolong the period during which the person
can infect others
What is the causative agent in "Dehli belly"? correct answers E. coli
What type of E. coli is especially dangerous? correct answers enterohemorrhagic O157:H7
What is the cause of typhoid fever? correct answers Salmonella typhi
Human carriers carry this bacteria in which organ? correct answers in the gall bladder
What is the ID50 of this disease? correct answers low- it only takes a few to cause sickness
