Exam-Biology 1108 Final Exam Study Guide UGA|185
Questions with Solutions (A+)
What are the 4 postulates of the theory of evolution? CORRECT ANS-1. Individuals within
populations are variable.
2. Variations are passed from parent to offspring.
3. Some individuals are more successful than others.
4. Survival of certain individuals is not random, but is due to heritable traits.
What is relative fitness? CORRECT ANS-The contribution an individual makes to the gene
pool relative to other contributions.
What are the components of fitness? CORRECT ANS-1. Survival
2. Mates obtained
3. Fertilization
4. Fertility
5. Fecundity
What is evolution? CORRECT ANS-Change in allele frequency over time
, Exam-Biology 1108 Final Exam Study Guide UGA|185
Questions with Solutions (A+)
What does evolution require for the trait under selection? CORRECT ANS-Selection and
genetic variation
What is natural selection? CORRECT ANS-Process whereby organisms better adapted to
their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring
Who "discovered" natural selection? CORRECT ANS-It was first fully expounded by Charles
Darwin and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution.
What acts on individuals, but not populations? CORRECT ANS-Selection
What acts on populations, but not individuals? CORRECT ANS-Evolution
What does selection act on and why? CORRECT ANS-Selection acts on individuals. The
interactions between individuals and their environment is what determines whether their
genetic information will be passed on or not.
, Exam-Biology 1108 Final Exam Study Guide UGA|185
Questions with Solutions (A+)
Does selection act on phenotypes or genotypes? CORRECT ANS-Phenotypes
Do individual organisms evolve? CORRECT ANS-Individual organisms do not evolve, they
retain the same genes throughout their life. When a population is evolving, the ratio of
different genetic types is changing -- each individual organism within a population does not
change
What is the relationship between selection, evolution, and adaptation? CORRECT ANS-
Causes for evolution include natural selection, mutation and genetic drift. Natural selection is
the process by which species adapt; it is the biological engine that drives the species to mold
itself to better fit its environment.
What are the 3 modes of selection? CORRECT ANS-Directional, disruptive, and stabilizing
Which mode of selection favors individuals at one end of the phenotypic range? CORRECT
ANS-Directional
, Exam-Biology 1108 Final Exam Study Guide UGA|185
Questions with Solutions (A+)
Which mode of selection favors individuals at both extremes of phenotypic range?
CORRECT ANS-Disruptive
Which mode of selection favors intermediate variants and acts against extreme phenotypes?
CORRECT ANS-Stabilizing
What is sexual selection? CORRECT ANS-Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection
where members of one biological sex choose mates of the other sex to mate with (intersexual
selection), and compete with members of the same sex for access to members of the opposite
sex (intrasexual selection).
What is sexual reproduction? CORRECT ANS-mode of reproduction involving the fusion of
female gamete (ovum) and male gamete (sperm), which forms a zygote that potentially
develops into genetically distinct offspring.
What is an example of sexual selection? CORRECT ANS-a banana slug produces both sperm
and eggs and will sometimes self-fertilize
Questions with Solutions (A+)
What are the 4 postulates of the theory of evolution? CORRECT ANS-1. Individuals within
populations are variable.
2. Variations are passed from parent to offspring.
3. Some individuals are more successful than others.
4. Survival of certain individuals is not random, but is due to heritable traits.
What is relative fitness? CORRECT ANS-The contribution an individual makes to the gene
pool relative to other contributions.
What are the components of fitness? CORRECT ANS-1. Survival
2. Mates obtained
3. Fertilization
4. Fertility
5. Fecundity
What is evolution? CORRECT ANS-Change in allele frequency over time
, Exam-Biology 1108 Final Exam Study Guide UGA|185
Questions with Solutions (A+)
What does evolution require for the trait under selection? CORRECT ANS-Selection and
genetic variation
What is natural selection? CORRECT ANS-Process whereby organisms better adapted to
their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring
Who "discovered" natural selection? CORRECT ANS-It was first fully expounded by Charles
Darwin and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution.
What acts on individuals, but not populations? CORRECT ANS-Selection
What acts on populations, but not individuals? CORRECT ANS-Evolution
What does selection act on and why? CORRECT ANS-Selection acts on individuals. The
interactions between individuals and their environment is what determines whether their
genetic information will be passed on or not.
, Exam-Biology 1108 Final Exam Study Guide UGA|185
Questions with Solutions (A+)
Does selection act on phenotypes or genotypes? CORRECT ANS-Phenotypes
Do individual organisms evolve? CORRECT ANS-Individual organisms do not evolve, they
retain the same genes throughout their life. When a population is evolving, the ratio of
different genetic types is changing -- each individual organism within a population does not
change
What is the relationship between selection, evolution, and adaptation? CORRECT ANS-
Causes for evolution include natural selection, mutation and genetic drift. Natural selection is
the process by which species adapt; it is the biological engine that drives the species to mold
itself to better fit its environment.
What are the 3 modes of selection? CORRECT ANS-Directional, disruptive, and stabilizing
Which mode of selection favors individuals at one end of the phenotypic range? CORRECT
ANS-Directional
, Exam-Biology 1108 Final Exam Study Guide UGA|185
Questions with Solutions (A+)
Which mode of selection favors individuals at both extremes of phenotypic range?
CORRECT ANS-Disruptive
Which mode of selection favors intermediate variants and acts against extreme phenotypes?
CORRECT ANS-Stabilizing
What is sexual selection? CORRECT ANS-Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection
where members of one biological sex choose mates of the other sex to mate with (intersexual
selection), and compete with members of the same sex for access to members of the opposite
sex (intrasexual selection).
What is sexual reproduction? CORRECT ANS-mode of reproduction involving the fusion of
female gamete (ovum) and male gamete (sperm), which forms a zygote that potentially
develops into genetically distinct offspring.
What is an example of sexual selection? CORRECT ANS-a banana slug produces both sperm
and eggs and will sometimes self-fertilize
