TEST BANK For Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy, 6th
Edition Robert W. Bauman
Energy is stored in the chemical bonds of: - ANSWER: ATP - Adenosine triphosphate
Every cell requires ____, which are the chemicals necessary for metabolism -
ANSWER: nutrients
All of the decomposition reactions in an organism taken together - ANSWER:
catabolism
Using _____, cells catabolize nutrient molecules to form elementary building blocks
called _____ - ANSWER: enzymes, precursor metabolites
Using precursor metabolites, energy from ATP, and other enzymes, cells construct
larger building blocks in _____ - ANSWER: anabolic reactions
cells typically reproduce once they have _____ in size - ANSWER: doubled
Collection of controlled biochemical reactions that take place within a microbe -
ANSWER: Metabolism
Break larger molecules into smaller products/ Exergonic (release energy) - ANSWER:
Catabolic pathways
Synthesize large molecules from the smaller products of catabolism / Endergonic
(require more energy than they release) - ANSWER: Anabolic pathways
The breakdown of lipids into glycerol and fatty acids - ANSWER: an example of a
catabolic pathway
The synthesis of lipids for cell membranes from glycerol and fatty acids - ANSWER: an
example of an anabolic pathway
Losing a simple electron, gaining an oxygen atom - ANSWER: oxidized
biological oxidation by losing a hydrogen atom - ANSWER: dehydrogentaion reaction
Gaining electron - ANSWER: Reduced
Three important electron carriers (also coenzymes) - ANSWER: Nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide (NAD+)/ Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) /
Flavine adenine dinucleotide (FAD) → FADH2
, Flavine adenine dinucleotide (FAD) → 2 electrons (as hydrogen) / Vitamin source:
riboflavin - ANSWER: FADH2
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) → 2 electrons (1 as hydrogen) Vitamin
source: Niacin - ANSWER: NADH
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) → 1 electron - ANSWER:
NADPH
The transfer of phosphate to ADP from another phosphorylated organic compound
producing ATP (direct transfer of phosphate between two substrates) - ANSWER:
Substrate-level phosphorylation
energy from redox reactions of respiration is used to attach inorganic phosphate to
ADP producing ATP - ANSWER: Oxidative phosphorylation
light energy is used to phosphorylate ADP with inorganic phospate producing ATP -
ANSWER: Photophosphorylation
inorganic phosphate is added to substrate - ANSWER: Phosphorylation
Anabolic pathways use some energy of _____ - ANSWER: ATP by breaking a
phosphate bond (is used by)
chemical that increase the likelihood of a reaction but are not permanently changed
in the process - ANSWER: catalysts
organic catalysts - ANSWER: enzymes
Catabolize molecules by adding water in a decomposition process know as
hydrolysis. Primarily in the depolymerization of macromolecules. - ANSWER:
Hydrolases
rearrange the atoms within a molecule but do not add or remove anything (neither
catabolic or anabolic) - ANSWER: Isomerases
inactive if not bound to non-protein cofactors (inorganic ions or coenzymes) -
ANSWER: Apoenzymes (are)
Binding of apoenzyme and its cofactor(s) yield an active enzyme _____ - ANSWER:
holoenzyme
non- proteinaceous conenzyme RNA molecules - ANSWER: ribozymes
_____ are either vitamins or contain vitamins - ANSWER: coenzymes
Edition Robert W. Bauman
Energy is stored in the chemical bonds of: - ANSWER: ATP - Adenosine triphosphate
Every cell requires ____, which are the chemicals necessary for metabolism -
ANSWER: nutrients
All of the decomposition reactions in an organism taken together - ANSWER:
catabolism
Using _____, cells catabolize nutrient molecules to form elementary building blocks
called _____ - ANSWER: enzymes, precursor metabolites
Using precursor metabolites, energy from ATP, and other enzymes, cells construct
larger building blocks in _____ - ANSWER: anabolic reactions
cells typically reproduce once they have _____ in size - ANSWER: doubled
Collection of controlled biochemical reactions that take place within a microbe -
ANSWER: Metabolism
Break larger molecules into smaller products/ Exergonic (release energy) - ANSWER:
Catabolic pathways
Synthesize large molecules from the smaller products of catabolism / Endergonic
(require more energy than they release) - ANSWER: Anabolic pathways
The breakdown of lipids into glycerol and fatty acids - ANSWER: an example of a
catabolic pathway
The synthesis of lipids for cell membranes from glycerol and fatty acids - ANSWER: an
example of an anabolic pathway
Losing a simple electron, gaining an oxygen atom - ANSWER: oxidized
biological oxidation by losing a hydrogen atom - ANSWER: dehydrogentaion reaction
Gaining electron - ANSWER: Reduced
Three important electron carriers (also coenzymes) - ANSWER: Nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide (NAD+)/ Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) /
Flavine adenine dinucleotide (FAD) → FADH2
, Flavine adenine dinucleotide (FAD) → 2 electrons (as hydrogen) / Vitamin source:
riboflavin - ANSWER: FADH2
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) → 2 electrons (1 as hydrogen) Vitamin
source: Niacin - ANSWER: NADH
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) → 1 electron - ANSWER:
NADPH
The transfer of phosphate to ADP from another phosphorylated organic compound
producing ATP (direct transfer of phosphate between two substrates) - ANSWER:
Substrate-level phosphorylation
energy from redox reactions of respiration is used to attach inorganic phosphate to
ADP producing ATP - ANSWER: Oxidative phosphorylation
light energy is used to phosphorylate ADP with inorganic phospate producing ATP -
ANSWER: Photophosphorylation
inorganic phosphate is added to substrate - ANSWER: Phosphorylation
Anabolic pathways use some energy of _____ - ANSWER: ATP by breaking a
phosphate bond (is used by)
chemical that increase the likelihood of a reaction but are not permanently changed
in the process - ANSWER: catalysts
organic catalysts - ANSWER: enzymes
Catabolize molecules by adding water in a decomposition process know as
hydrolysis. Primarily in the depolymerization of macromolecules. - ANSWER:
Hydrolases
rearrange the atoms within a molecule but do not add or remove anything (neither
catabolic or anabolic) - ANSWER: Isomerases
inactive if not bound to non-protein cofactors (inorganic ions or coenzymes) -
ANSWER: Apoenzymes (are)
Binding of apoenzyme and its cofactor(s) yield an active enzyme _____ - ANSWER:
holoenzyme
non- proteinaceous conenzyme RNA molecules - ANSWER: ribozymes
_____ are either vitamins or contain vitamins - ANSWER: coenzymes
