Clinically Oriented Anatomy
How many total vertebrae in the verterbral column? correct answers 33
what is Vertebral Column for/do? correct answers •Protects the spinal cord and spinal
nerves
•Supports the weight of the body superior to the pelvis
•Provides a partly rigid and flexible axis for the body
•Provides a pivot for the head
•Plays a role in posture and locomotion
What are the parts of the back (5) correct answers A.Skin and superficial fascia
B.Muscles of the back
1.Superficial layer of axioapendicular muscles
2.Deep layers of true back muscles
C.Vertebral column
1.Vertebrae
2.Intervertebral disks
3.Ligaments
4.Functions
4a.Protection of spinal cord and spinal nerves
4b.Supports weight of the body superior to the pelvis
4c.Rigid and moveable axis that also attaches head
Ribs
spinal chord and meningies
how many regions of vertebral column are there? correct answers 5 regions. cervical,
thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx
Vertebral column and vertebrae Flexibility is related to: (3) correct answers A.Individual
vertebrae
B.Intervertebral disks that separate vertebrae
1.Allow limited movement between adjacent vertebrae
2.Collectively allow considerable movement
C.Zygapophyseal joints
1.Synovial joints
2.Allow rotation, flexion, lateral flexion depending on regions
,** the vertebral column is flexible and allows limited movement because it consists of
many small bones called vertebrae that are separated by resilient IV (intervertebral)
disks
zygapophyseal joints correct answers are Synovial joints
that Allow rotation, flexion, lateral flexion depending on regions
***the 25 cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and the first sacral articulate at the synovial
zygapophysial (facet) joint. This ultimately facilitates and controls the vertebral columns
flexibility as it allows rotation, flexion, lateral flexion(does depend on the region ex:
thoracic is more limited rotation) This column is flexible yet rigid and protects the spinal
chord it surrounds.
Cervical verterba? correct answers 7
Number of Thoracic vertebra? correct answers 12
Number of Lumbar vertebra? correct answers 5
Number of Sacral vetebra? correct answers 5
Number of coccygeal vertebra? correct answers 4
what are to typical parts of the vertebrae? correct answers body
arch
7 processes
describe a vertebral body (4) correct answers a.Located anteriorly (e.g., project into
thoracic and abdominal cavities)
b.Weight bearing part of vertebrae
c.Size increases as you move caudally(down) to bear more weight
d.Superior and inferior surfaces covered with hyaline cartilage
describe a vertebral arch correct answers a.Lies posterior to the vertebral body
b.Comprised of two pedicles and two laminae (r andl)
c.Each arch forms a vertebral foramen
d.Collectively the vertebral foramina of C1 to L5 form the vertebral canal
Vertebral canal correct answers 1. Collectively the vertebral foramina of C1 to L5 form
the vertebral canal. The canal contains the spinal chord and roots of the spinal nerves,
along with the membranes (meninges), fat, and vessels that surround and serve them.
intervertebral foramina correct answers 1. The superior and inferior vertebral notches of
adjacent vertebrae and the IV discs connecting them form intervertebral foramina
through which the spinal nerves emerge from the vertebral column. Also, the spinal
(posterior root) ganglia are located in these foramina
, What are the 7 processes of the vertebrae? correct answers a.Arise from vertebral arch
Spinous process
Two transverse processes
Four articular processes
Spinous process of vertebra correct answers 1 of them
i.Form attachments sites for deep back muscles (and ligaments)
ii.Serve as levers
iii. projects posteriorly (and usually inferiorly, typically overlapping the vertebra below)
from the vertebral arch at the junction of the laminae. Form attachments sites for deep
back mm (and ligaments) and serve as levers, facilitating the mm that fix or change the
position of the vertebrae. You can see buldge in skin going down the back.
Transverse process of vertebra correct answers i. Two transverse processes project
posterolaterally from the junctions of the pedicles and laminae.
Form attachments sites for deep back mm (and ligaments) and serve as levers,
facilitating the mm that fix or change the position of the vertebrae.
articular process of vertebra correct answers (G. zygapophyses inbet the sup and inf
articular )—two superior and two inferior—also arise from the junctions of the pedicles
and laminae, each bearing an articular surface (facet). This process is in apposition with
corresponding processes of vertebrae
i.Determine type of movement between vertebrae
a)Rotation, flexion, lateral flexion in cervical region
b)Primarily rotation in thoracic
c)Primarily flexion and lateral flexion in lumbar
ii.Right and left superior articular processes
iii.Right and left inferior articular processes
Cervical vertebrae correct answers A.Form skeleton of the neck
B.Smallest of the vertebrae
C.Articulations
1.Intervertebral disks (IV disks) are relatively thick relative to size of vertebral body
2.Articular facets of articular processes are nearly horizontal
3.These two factors allow greatest mobility of vertebral column in the cervical region
Distinct features... Foramen... correct answers 1.Foramen transversarium (transverse
foramen)
a.Transmit vertebral artery in vein in vertebrae C1-C6
b.Transmit vertebral artery in C7 vertebra
Cervical transverse have what on them that make them stand out? correct answers
1.Anterior and posterior tubercles of transverse processes
a.Attachment sites for levator scapulae and scalene muscles
How many total vertebrae in the verterbral column? correct answers 33
what is Vertebral Column for/do? correct answers •Protects the spinal cord and spinal
nerves
•Supports the weight of the body superior to the pelvis
•Provides a partly rigid and flexible axis for the body
•Provides a pivot for the head
•Plays a role in posture and locomotion
What are the parts of the back (5) correct answers A.Skin and superficial fascia
B.Muscles of the back
1.Superficial layer of axioapendicular muscles
2.Deep layers of true back muscles
C.Vertebral column
1.Vertebrae
2.Intervertebral disks
3.Ligaments
4.Functions
4a.Protection of spinal cord and spinal nerves
4b.Supports weight of the body superior to the pelvis
4c.Rigid and moveable axis that also attaches head
Ribs
spinal chord and meningies
how many regions of vertebral column are there? correct answers 5 regions. cervical,
thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx
Vertebral column and vertebrae Flexibility is related to: (3) correct answers A.Individual
vertebrae
B.Intervertebral disks that separate vertebrae
1.Allow limited movement between adjacent vertebrae
2.Collectively allow considerable movement
C.Zygapophyseal joints
1.Synovial joints
2.Allow rotation, flexion, lateral flexion depending on regions
,** the vertebral column is flexible and allows limited movement because it consists of
many small bones called vertebrae that are separated by resilient IV (intervertebral)
disks
zygapophyseal joints correct answers are Synovial joints
that Allow rotation, flexion, lateral flexion depending on regions
***the 25 cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and the first sacral articulate at the synovial
zygapophysial (facet) joint. This ultimately facilitates and controls the vertebral columns
flexibility as it allows rotation, flexion, lateral flexion(does depend on the region ex:
thoracic is more limited rotation) This column is flexible yet rigid and protects the spinal
chord it surrounds.
Cervical verterba? correct answers 7
Number of Thoracic vertebra? correct answers 12
Number of Lumbar vertebra? correct answers 5
Number of Sacral vetebra? correct answers 5
Number of coccygeal vertebra? correct answers 4
what are to typical parts of the vertebrae? correct answers body
arch
7 processes
describe a vertebral body (4) correct answers a.Located anteriorly (e.g., project into
thoracic and abdominal cavities)
b.Weight bearing part of vertebrae
c.Size increases as you move caudally(down) to bear more weight
d.Superior and inferior surfaces covered with hyaline cartilage
describe a vertebral arch correct answers a.Lies posterior to the vertebral body
b.Comprised of two pedicles and two laminae (r andl)
c.Each arch forms a vertebral foramen
d.Collectively the vertebral foramina of C1 to L5 form the vertebral canal
Vertebral canal correct answers 1. Collectively the vertebral foramina of C1 to L5 form
the vertebral canal. The canal contains the spinal chord and roots of the spinal nerves,
along with the membranes (meninges), fat, and vessels that surround and serve them.
intervertebral foramina correct answers 1. The superior and inferior vertebral notches of
adjacent vertebrae and the IV discs connecting them form intervertebral foramina
through which the spinal nerves emerge from the vertebral column. Also, the spinal
(posterior root) ganglia are located in these foramina
, What are the 7 processes of the vertebrae? correct answers a.Arise from vertebral arch
Spinous process
Two transverse processes
Four articular processes
Spinous process of vertebra correct answers 1 of them
i.Form attachments sites for deep back muscles (and ligaments)
ii.Serve as levers
iii. projects posteriorly (and usually inferiorly, typically overlapping the vertebra below)
from the vertebral arch at the junction of the laminae. Form attachments sites for deep
back mm (and ligaments) and serve as levers, facilitating the mm that fix or change the
position of the vertebrae. You can see buldge in skin going down the back.
Transverse process of vertebra correct answers i. Two transverse processes project
posterolaterally from the junctions of the pedicles and laminae.
Form attachments sites for deep back mm (and ligaments) and serve as levers,
facilitating the mm that fix or change the position of the vertebrae.
articular process of vertebra correct answers (G. zygapophyses inbet the sup and inf
articular )—two superior and two inferior—also arise from the junctions of the pedicles
and laminae, each bearing an articular surface (facet). This process is in apposition with
corresponding processes of vertebrae
i.Determine type of movement between vertebrae
a)Rotation, flexion, lateral flexion in cervical region
b)Primarily rotation in thoracic
c)Primarily flexion and lateral flexion in lumbar
ii.Right and left superior articular processes
iii.Right and left inferior articular processes
Cervical vertebrae correct answers A.Form skeleton of the neck
B.Smallest of the vertebrae
C.Articulations
1.Intervertebral disks (IV disks) are relatively thick relative to size of vertebral body
2.Articular facets of articular processes are nearly horizontal
3.These two factors allow greatest mobility of vertebral column in the cervical region
Distinct features... Foramen... correct answers 1.Foramen transversarium (transverse
foramen)
a.Transmit vertebral artery in vein in vertebrae C1-C6
b.Transmit vertebral artery in C7 vertebra
Cervical transverse have what on them that make them stand out? correct answers
1.Anterior and posterior tubercles of transverse processes
a.Attachment sites for levator scapulae and scalene muscles
