Test bank for Davis Advantage for Pathophysiology
Introductory Concepts and Clinical Perspectives 2nd
Edition by Theresa M Capriotti |
Anything that is considered non-self is what? - ANSWER An antigen (foreigner)
Immunity is defined as: - ANSWER The way the body defends itself against
injurious agents in the environment
Immune Response is aimed to protect cells from ____________ - ANSWER
Injurious agents (Antigens)
Innate immunity refers to natural mechanisms that ward off invaders as
a___________ - ANSWER First Line of defense
Anatomic barriers, Processes within the GI tract, Normal flora, Bodily Fluids &
Phagocytic cells - ANSWER Components of Innate Immunity
Anatomical Barriers consist of ________ - ANSWER 1. Nasal epithelium(consist of
mucus producing cells and hair that traps inhaled substances)
2. intact skin prevents infection
3. mucus membrane
Phagocytic cells engulf and ingest __________ - ANSWER microorganisms and
other noxious substances
macrophages and neutrophils - ANSWER Types of phagocytic cells
1. Saliva: Pathogens are weakened by the enzymes and antibacterial properties in
the saliva.
2. Gastric juices: Destroys pathogens with HCL - ANSWER Processes within the GI
tract
Normal Flora is ______________ that live in symbiosis with the body - ANSWER
Natural bacteria colonies
C-diff or C-diff colitis is caused by - ANSWER Abuse or misuse or antibacterials
____________________is when the normal flora in the gut is destroyed - ANSWER
C-diff infection (Clostridium Difficle)
Vancomycin - ANSWER used to treat c. difficile. Must be taken orally for it to reach
the gut.
Stool Transplant - ANSWER Transplanting stool from a healthy person to the colon
of a patient with repeat c.difficile infection has been shown to successfully treat c.diff.
, Tears (flushes pathogens from the eyes)
Sweat (acts as an antibacterial on the skin)
Urine (its acidity eliminates antigens from the genitourinary tract) - ANSWER Bodily
Secretions
The inflammatory reaction begins within seconds and can last ___________ -
ANSWER minutes to days
__________________ is activated when the innate immunity is inadequate -
ANSWER Adaptive immune system
Adaptive Immunity is ______________ - ANSWER More specific
Adapative immunity______________, _______________, and develop memory for
that specific antigen. - ANSWER recognize an antigen, and target the specific
antigen
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) allows the body to ________________ - ANSWER
distinguish between self from non-self. Antigens that belong to the host vs antigens
that are from an invader
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) aka - ANSWER Major Histocompatibility
complexes (MHCs)
B lymphocytes (humoral immunity) mature within the - ANSWER Bone marrow,
spleen, and lymph nodes
After exposure to an antigen _______________mature into plasma cells and
memory B cells - ANSWER B-cells
Plasma cells produce? - ANSWER immunoglobulins
aka antibodies which attacks the antigens
Memory B-cells stay in the ______________ in preparation for subsequent antigen
exposure - ANSWER Lymph nodes
M, G, A, E, D - ANSWER Ig M
Ig G
Ig A
Ig E
Ig D
Ig G - ANSWER Antiviral, antitoxin, antibacterial; can cross the placenta to the baby
Ig A - ANSWER Body secretion (saliva, breastmilk etc)
Ig M - ANSWER Natural antibodies for blood antigen (ABO)
Ig D - ANSWER Aids in further maturation of B-cells
Introductory Concepts and Clinical Perspectives 2nd
Edition by Theresa M Capriotti |
Anything that is considered non-self is what? - ANSWER An antigen (foreigner)
Immunity is defined as: - ANSWER The way the body defends itself against
injurious agents in the environment
Immune Response is aimed to protect cells from ____________ - ANSWER
Injurious agents (Antigens)
Innate immunity refers to natural mechanisms that ward off invaders as
a___________ - ANSWER First Line of defense
Anatomic barriers, Processes within the GI tract, Normal flora, Bodily Fluids &
Phagocytic cells - ANSWER Components of Innate Immunity
Anatomical Barriers consist of ________ - ANSWER 1. Nasal epithelium(consist of
mucus producing cells and hair that traps inhaled substances)
2. intact skin prevents infection
3. mucus membrane
Phagocytic cells engulf and ingest __________ - ANSWER microorganisms and
other noxious substances
macrophages and neutrophils - ANSWER Types of phagocytic cells
1. Saliva: Pathogens are weakened by the enzymes and antibacterial properties in
the saliva.
2. Gastric juices: Destroys pathogens with HCL - ANSWER Processes within the GI
tract
Normal Flora is ______________ that live in symbiosis with the body - ANSWER
Natural bacteria colonies
C-diff or C-diff colitis is caused by - ANSWER Abuse or misuse or antibacterials
____________________is when the normal flora in the gut is destroyed - ANSWER
C-diff infection (Clostridium Difficle)
Vancomycin - ANSWER used to treat c. difficile. Must be taken orally for it to reach
the gut.
Stool Transplant - ANSWER Transplanting stool from a healthy person to the colon
of a patient with repeat c.difficile infection has been shown to successfully treat c.diff.
, Tears (flushes pathogens from the eyes)
Sweat (acts as an antibacterial on the skin)
Urine (its acidity eliminates antigens from the genitourinary tract) - ANSWER Bodily
Secretions
The inflammatory reaction begins within seconds and can last ___________ -
ANSWER minutes to days
__________________ is activated when the innate immunity is inadequate -
ANSWER Adaptive immune system
Adaptive Immunity is ______________ - ANSWER More specific
Adapative immunity______________, _______________, and develop memory for
that specific antigen. - ANSWER recognize an antigen, and target the specific
antigen
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) allows the body to ________________ - ANSWER
distinguish between self from non-self. Antigens that belong to the host vs antigens
that are from an invader
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) aka - ANSWER Major Histocompatibility
complexes (MHCs)
B lymphocytes (humoral immunity) mature within the - ANSWER Bone marrow,
spleen, and lymph nodes
After exposure to an antigen _______________mature into plasma cells and
memory B cells - ANSWER B-cells
Plasma cells produce? - ANSWER immunoglobulins
aka antibodies which attacks the antigens
Memory B-cells stay in the ______________ in preparation for subsequent antigen
exposure - ANSWER Lymph nodes
M, G, A, E, D - ANSWER Ig M
Ig G
Ig A
Ig E
Ig D
Ig G - ANSWER Antiviral, antitoxin, antibacterial; can cross the placenta to the baby
Ig A - ANSWER Body secretion (saliva, breastmilk etc)
Ig M - ANSWER Natural antibodies for blood antigen (ABO)
Ig D - ANSWER Aids in further maturation of B-cells
