NU 345
Health Assessment & Promotion
LATEST FINAL EXAM GUIDE
© HU 2024/2025
,#### 1. A 75-year-old male presents with progressive shortness of
breath, chronic cough, and history of smoking. On physical
examination, you note decreased breath sounds and prolonged
expiration. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
a) Asthma
b) Chronic bronchitis
c) Emphysema
d) Pulmonary fibrosis
Answer: c) Emphysema
Rationale: Emphysema is associated with progressive shortness
of breath, chronic cough, and prolonged expiration, particularly in
patients with a history of smoking. Chronic bronchitis would also
cause a chronic cough but not the decreased breath sounds and
prolonged expiration characteristic of emphysema.
#### 2. A 45-year-old female presents with a palpable mass in her
breast. She has no history of breast cancer and her last
mammogram a year ago was normal. Which diagnostic test should
be performed first?
a) Mammography
b) Ultrasound
© HU 2024/2025
, c) MRI
d) Fine needle aspiration
Answer: a) Mammography
Rationale: Mammography is the first-line diagnostic test for
breast masses, especially considering her age and history.
Ultrasound is useful for further evaluation, especially in dense
breasts.
#### 3. A 6-month-old infant is brought in for a well-baby visit.
Parents are concerned about the infant's feeding because the baby
often vomits after feedings. What is the most likely diagnosis?
a) Gastroesophageal reflux (GER)
b) Pyloric stenosis
c) Gastroenteritis
d) Intussusception
Answer: a) Gastroesophageal reflux (GER)
Rationale: GER is common in infants and usually presents with
vomiting after feedings. Pyloric stenosis would be characterized by
projectile vomiting and failure to thrive.
© HU 2024/2025
Health Assessment & Promotion
LATEST FINAL EXAM GUIDE
© HU 2024/2025
,#### 1. A 75-year-old male presents with progressive shortness of
breath, chronic cough, and history of smoking. On physical
examination, you note decreased breath sounds and prolonged
expiration. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
a) Asthma
b) Chronic bronchitis
c) Emphysema
d) Pulmonary fibrosis
Answer: c) Emphysema
Rationale: Emphysema is associated with progressive shortness
of breath, chronic cough, and prolonged expiration, particularly in
patients with a history of smoking. Chronic bronchitis would also
cause a chronic cough but not the decreased breath sounds and
prolonged expiration characteristic of emphysema.
#### 2. A 45-year-old female presents with a palpable mass in her
breast. She has no history of breast cancer and her last
mammogram a year ago was normal. Which diagnostic test should
be performed first?
a) Mammography
b) Ultrasound
© HU 2024/2025
, c) MRI
d) Fine needle aspiration
Answer: a) Mammography
Rationale: Mammography is the first-line diagnostic test for
breast masses, especially considering her age and history.
Ultrasound is useful for further evaluation, especially in dense
breasts.
#### 3. A 6-month-old infant is brought in for a well-baby visit.
Parents are concerned about the infant's feeding because the baby
often vomits after feedings. What is the most likely diagnosis?
a) Gastroesophageal reflux (GER)
b) Pyloric stenosis
c) Gastroenteritis
d) Intussusception
Answer: a) Gastroesophageal reflux (GER)
Rationale: GER is common in infants and usually presents with
vomiting after feedings. Pyloric stenosis would be characterized by
projectile vomiting and failure to thrive.
© HU 2024/2025
