NR 566 Adv Pharm for Family
Chamberlain Questions &
Answers 100% Correct
Antibiotic Classes and examples of infectious disease drugs - ANSWER ß-Lactams : penicillins
-Penicillin G, V
-Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin
-ampicillin, amoxicillin
-piperacillin
-combo-amp/sulbactam(unasyn), amox/clav (augmentin), pip/taco (zosyn)
B-lactation: cephalosporin
-cephalexin (keflex)
-cefoxitin (mefoxin)
-cefotaxime (claforan)
-cefepime (maxipime)
-ceftaroline (teflaro)
Fluoroquinolones
-ciprofloxacin (cipro)
-ofloxacin (floxin)
-levofloxacin (levaquin)
-moxifloxacin (avelox)
Tetracyclines and Macrolides
-tetracycline, doxycycline
-erythromycin, azithromycin(zithromax), clarithromycin (Biaxin)
Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim, and Nitrofurantoin
-sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole(bactrim)
,Bacteriostatic agents - ANSWER Inhibit bacterial proliferation while the hosts immune system does
the killing
Examples include Clindamycin, macrolides sulfonamides and tetracyclines
Broad-spectrum antibiotic uses - ANSWER Target wider number of bacteria types
Acts on both Graham negative and gram-positive organisms
Commonly used for empiric therapy when the pathogen is unknown or infection with multiple types
of bacteria and suspected
Examples of cell wall synthesis inhibitors - ANSWER penicillin, cephalosporin, imipenem, vancomycin
What are the considerations when choosing antibiotic therapy - ANSWER *The HOST
-history of allergy, cross allergy or intolerance
-preexisting conditions: HIV, cancer, autoimmune disorders, diabetes
-renal/hepatic function-cr clearance
-Age, pregnancy and lactation, recent antibiotic use, exposure history (wt based dosing for pediatric
and geriatric population)
*The SYNDROME or PRESENTING ILLNESS
-what system is impacted
-how aggressive the infection
-consider non-bacterial causes
-carefully examine clinical presentation of illness
*The PATHOGEN
-obtaining culture and sensitivity/resistance
-how susceptibility is determined
AST/Petri dish growth
commonly used for empiric therapy when the pathogen is unknown or infection with multiple types
of bacteria and suspected
Risks of using broad-spectrum antibiotics - ANSWER Disruption of normal flora and development of
anabiotic resistance
-trimethoprim (primsol)
, -TMP/SMZ: trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
-nitrofurantoin (macrodantin)
When prescribing macrolides what is the patient teaching - ANSWER Take with food to reduce G.I.
disturbances
Which antibiotic should have a culture done before therapy begins - ANSWER Vancomyosin,
Carbapenem, Penicillin
Which antibiotics do not require a culture prior to start of therapy - ANSWER Tetracyclines and
macrolides
Situations when PO or IV antibiotics should be prescribed - ANSWER critical or severe infections Iv
Mild/moderate or a patients admitted for other diagnoses who have an infection PO
When can IV antibiotics be switched to PO? - ANSWER WHen pt is stable
Bactericides antibiotics - ANSWER Directly kill bacteria
Examples include aminoglycosides Beta lactums, Fluoroquinolones, metronidazole, most
antimycobacterial agents, streptogramins, and vancomycin
Therapeutic trials class used for CAP - ANSWER Amoxicillin doxycycline macrolides
Likely prescription for a CAP - ANSWER Amoxicillin PO for 7 to 10 days or azithromycin PO for five
days
Tx for severe CAP - ANSWER Beta-lactam and macrolide or fluroquinolone
What is the preferred antibiotic narrow spectrum or broad-spectrum - ANSWER Narrow spectrum
Chamberlain Questions &
Answers 100% Correct
Antibiotic Classes and examples of infectious disease drugs - ANSWER ß-Lactams : penicillins
-Penicillin G, V
-Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin
-ampicillin, amoxicillin
-piperacillin
-combo-amp/sulbactam(unasyn), amox/clav (augmentin), pip/taco (zosyn)
B-lactation: cephalosporin
-cephalexin (keflex)
-cefoxitin (mefoxin)
-cefotaxime (claforan)
-cefepime (maxipime)
-ceftaroline (teflaro)
Fluoroquinolones
-ciprofloxacin (cipro)
-ofloxacin (floxin)
-levofloxacin (levaquin)
-moxifloxacin (avelox)
Tetracyclines and Macrolides
-tetracycline, doxycycline
-erythromycin, azithromycin(zithromax), clarithromycin (Biaxin)
Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim, and Nitrofurantoin
-sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole(bactrim)
,Bacteriostatic agents - ANSWER Inhibit bacterial proliferation while the hosts immune system does
the killing
Examples include Clindamycin, macrolides sulfonamides and tetracyclines
Broad-spectrum antibiotic uses - ANSWER Target wider number of bacteria types
Acts on both Graham negative and gram-positive organisms
Commonly used for empiric therapy when the pathogen is unknown or infection with multiple types
of bacteria and suspected
Examples of cell wall synthesis inhibitors - ANSWER penicillin, cephalosporin, imipenem, vancomycin
What are the considerations when choosing antibiotic therapy - ANSWER *The HOST
-history of allergy, cross allergy or intolerance
-preexisting conditions: HIV, cancer, autoimmune disorders, diabetes
-renal/hepatic function-cr clearance
-Age, pregnancy and lactation, recent antibiotic use, exposure history (wt based dosing for pediatric
and geriatric population)
*The SYNDROME or PRESENTING ILLNESS
-what system is impacted
-how aggressive the infection
-consider non-bacterial causes
-carefully examine clinical presentation of illness
*The PATHOGEN
-obtaining culture and sensitivity/resistance
-how susceptibility is determined
AST/Petri dish growth
commonly used for empiric therapy when the pathogen is unknown or infection with multiple types
of bacteria and suspected
Risks of using broad-spectrum antibiotics - ANSWER Disruption of normal flora and development of
anabiotic resistance
-trimethoprim (primsol)
, -TMP/SMZ: trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
-nitrofurantoin (macrodantin)
When prescribing macrolides what is the patient teaching - ANSWER Take with food to reduce G.I.
disturbances
Which antibiotic should have a culture done before therapy begins - ANSWER Vancomyosin,
Carbapenem, Penicillin
Which antibiotics do not require a culture prior to start of therapy - ANSWER Tetracyclines and
macrolides
Situations when PO or IV antibiotics should be prescribed - ANSWER critical or severe infections Iv
Mild/moderate or a patients admitted for other diagnoses who have an infection PO
When can IV antibiotics be switched to PO? - ANSWER WHen pt is stable
Bactericides antibiotics - ANSWER Directly kill bacteria
Examples include aminoglycosides Beta lactums, Fluoroquinolones, metronidazole, most
antimycobacterial agents, streptogramins, and vancomycin
Therapeutic trials class used for CAP - ANSWER Amoxicillin doxycycline macrolides
Likely prescription for a CAP - ANSWER Amoxicillin PO for 7 to 10 days or azithromycin PO for five
days
Tx for severe CAP - ANSWER Beta-lactam and macrolide or fluroquinolone
What is the preferred antibiotic narrow spectrum or broad-spectrum - ANSWER Narrow spectrum
