NR 566 Midterm Study Guide
Questions & Answers(RATED
A+)
What are the common pathogens for community acquired pneumonia (CAP)? - ANSWER S.
Pneumoniae
What is the first line treatment for community acquired pneumonia (CAP)? - ANSWER Amoxicillin
(beta-lactam), Doxycycline (tetracycline) or azithromycin (macrolides)
What drugs do you give for community acquired pneumonia is the first drugs did not work? -
ANSWER Respiratory Fluoroquinolones (Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin)
If someone has been treated with an antibiotic in the previous 90 days of contracting CAP, a
quinolone would be a prudent choice to prescribe.
List drug examples with the antibiotic classes. - ANSWER Respiratory Fluoroquinolones: Levofloxacin
What is the treatment of chlamydial pneumonia in infants? Name drug and dose. - ANSWER
Erythromycin 30-50 mg/kg
When to use a broad spectrum agent? - ANSWER Use before cultures are resulted
When to use a narrow spectrum agent? - ANSWER Used when pathogen is known from a resulted
culture.
What are empiric antibiotics? - ANSWER Antibiotics started without cultures or prior to receiving
results of the cultures. Broad spectrum agents are used.
When do you prescribe empiric antibiotics? - ANSWER If patient has a severe infection, prescribe
initiate before test results are available. They can also be prescribed by clinical presentation alone.
, What patient education is needed for Macrolides? - ANSWER Avoid Macrolides in patients with
prolonged QT, those on CY450 medications (theophylline, carbamazepine, warfarin, CCB verapamil,
diltiazem, azole antifungal ketoconazole, itraconazole) and HIV (ritonavir, saquinavir) and
Nefazodone.
What patient education is needed for Aminoglycosides? - ANSWER Risk for irreversible ototoxicity,
neurotoxic symptoms (numbness, tingling muscle twitching and seizures). These risks increase in
patients on high doses or with prolonged use and in patients with preexisting renal impairment.
What patient education is needed for Sulfonamides? - ANSWER Complete prescribed course, drink
8-10 glasses of water/noncaffeinated fluids, avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight, observe for skin
alterations such as rash (concerns for stevens johnsons syndrome).
What is the specific drug to treat aspergillosis? - ANSWER Voriconazole
Which Anthelmintic drugs carry risk for hypotension with patients on antihypertensives? - ANSWER
Ivermectin and Moxidectin.
Which Anthelmintic drugs can cause bone marrow suppression and liver impairment? - ANSWER
Mebendazole and Albendazole.
Which Anthelmintic drugs are generally safe to give without obtaining baseline data? - ANSWER
Pyrantel Pamoate.
Which Anthelmintic drugs are safe for use in pregnancy? - ANSWER Praziquantel, Moxidectin.
What are the risks with didanosine? - ANSWER Lactic acidosis, severe hepatomegaly with steatosis,
severe pancreatitis, hepatotoxicity.
What are the risks with saquinavir? - ANSWER New onset diabetes or exacerbation, PR and QT
prolongation, dangerous drug interactions with ritonavir.
Prescribing Sulfonamides in pregnant patients - ANSWER Should not be given to pregnant patients
after 32 weeks or those breastfeeding. Risk for kernicterus.
Questions & Answers(RATED
A+)
What are the common pathogens for community acquired pneumonia (CAP)? - ANSWER S.
Pneumoniae
What is the first line treatment for community acquired pneumonia (CAP)? - ANSWER Amoxicillin
(beta-lactam), Doxycycline (tetracycline) or azithromycin (macrolides)
What drugs do you give for community acquired pneumonia is the first drugs did not work? -
ANSWER Respiratory Fluoroquinolones (Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin)
If someone has been treated with an antibiotic in the previous 90 days of contracting CAP, a
quinolone would be a prudent choice to prescribe.
List drug examples with the antibiotic classes. - ANSWER Respiratory Fluoroquinolones: Levofloxacin
What is the treatment of chlamydial pneumonia in infants? Name drug and dose. - ANSWER
Erythromycin 30-50 mg/kg
When to use a broad spectrum agent? - ANSWER Use before cultures are resulted
When to use a narrow spectrum agent? - ANSWER Used when pathogen is known from a resulted
culture.
What are empiric antibiotics? - ANSWER Antibiotics started without cultures or prior to receiving
results of the cultures. Broad spectrum agents are used.
When do you prescribe empiric antibiotics? - ANSWER If patient has a severe infection, prescribe
initiate before test results are available. They can also be prescribed by clinical presentation alone.
, What patient education is needed for Macrolides? - ANSWER Avoid Macrolides in patients with
prolonged QT, those on CY450 medications (theophylline, carbamazepine, warfarin, CCB verapamil,
diltiazem, azole antifungal ketoconazole, itraconazole) and HIV (ritonavir, saquinavir) and
Nefazodone.
What patient education is needed for Aminoglycosides? - ANSWER Risk for irreversible ototoxicity,
neurotoxic symptoms (numbness, tingling muscle twitching and seizures). These risks increase in
patients on high doses or with prolonged use and in patients with preexisting renal impairment.
What patient education is needed for Sulfonamides? - ANSWER Complete prescribed course, drink
8-10 glasses of water/noncaffeinated fluids, avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight, observe for skin
alterations such as rash (concerns for stevens johnsons syndrome).
What is the specific drug to treat aspergillosis? - ANSWER Voriconazole
Which Anthelmintic drugs carry risk for hypotension with patients on antihypertensives? - ANSWER
Ivermectin and Moxidectin.
Which Anthelmintic drugs can cause bone marrow suppression and liver impairment? - ANSWER
Mebendazole and Albendazole.
Which Anthelmintic drugs are generally safe to give without obtaining baseline data? - ANSWER
Pyrantel Pamoate.
Which Anthelmintic drugs are safe for use in pregnancy? - ANSWER Praziquantel, Moxidectin.
What are the risks with didanosine? - ANSWER Lactic acidosis, severe hepatomegaly with steatosis,
severe pancreatitis, hepatotoxicity.
What are the risks with saquinavir? - ANSWER New onset diabetes or exacerbation, PR and QT
prolongation, dangerous drug interactions with ritonavir.
Prescribing Sulfonamides in pregnant patients - ANSWER Should not be given to pregnant patients
after 32 weeks or those breastfeeding. Risk for kernicterus.
