Understanding ithe iHeart.
Anatomy iAnd iPhysiology
Normal iAnatomy: iMicroscopic
– Consists iof iThree ilayers- iepicardium, imyocardium
iand iendocardium
– The iepicardium icovers ithe iouter isurface iof ithe iheart
The imyocardium iis ithe imiddle imuscular ilayer iof
ithe iheart
– The iendocardium ilines ithe ichambers iand ithe Myocardial iCell iTypes
ivalves Kinds iof Where iFound Primary Primary
iCardiac iCells iFunctio iProperty
n
Myocardial Myocardium Contraction Contractility
icells and
iRelaxation
Specialized Generation Automaticity
icells iof Electrical iand iConductivity
ithe iconductio iconduction
ielectrical n isystem iof
conduction electrical
isystem iimpulses
Normal iAnatomy: iGross
– The ilayer ithat icovers ithe iheart iis ithe
iPERICARDIUM
– There iare itwo iparts- iparietal iand ivisceral
ipericardium
– The ispace ibetween ithe itwo ipericardial ilayers iis
ithe ipericardial ispace
– The iheart iis ilocated iin ithe iLEFT iside iof ithe imediastinum
, How ithe iheart iworks.
- The iheart iand icirculation.
- The iheart ias ia ipump.
- Blood isupply ito ithe iheart i- ithe icoronary iarteries.
- The iheart ivalves.
- The iheart iis ia imuscular ipump.
- Circulating iblood icarries ioxygen ifrom ithe ilungs
iand inutrients ifrom ithe iliver.
The iHeart ihas iFour ione-way iValves:
- Aortic iValve.
- Mitral iValve.
- Pulmonary iValve.
- Tricuspid iValve.
The iheart ialso ihas ifour ichambers- itwo iatria iand itwo
iventricles
- The iLeft iatrium iand ithe iright iatrium
- The ileft iventricle iand ithe iright iventricle
The iheart ichambers iare iguarded iby ivalves
- The iatrio-ventricular ivalves- iTricuspid iand ibicuspid
- The isemi-lunar ivalves- iPulmonic iand iaortic ivalves
The iValves iof ithe iHeart
Valve iType Name Location
Separates iright
Tricuspid iatrium iand iright
Atrio-ventricular ventricle
i(AV) Separates ileft
Mitral i(Bicuspid) atrium iand ileft
iventricle
Between iright
Pulmonic ventricle iand
Semilunar ipulmonary iartery
Between ileft
Aortic
iventricle iand iaorta
, - The iheart iitself imust ireceive ienough ioxygenated iblood.
The iBlood isupply iof ithe iheart icomes ifrom ithe
iCoronary iarteries
- Blood iis isupplied ito ithe iheart ithrough ithe icoronary
- Right icoronary iartery iarteries, itwo imain ibranches iwhich ioriginate ijust
- Left icoronary iartery iabove ithe iaortic ivalve.
The iCoronary iArteries The ivenous idrainage iof ithe iheart
Portion iof Portion iof 1. Cardiac iveins
Coronary iArtery iand 2. Coronary isinus
iMyocardiu iConduction
iits iBranches
m iSupplied iSystem iSupplied
Right • Right iatrium • AV inode
• Posterior • Inferior iwall i(90% iof
idescending ipopulation)
iof iright
• Right • SA inode i( i>
i ventricle
imargin i55%) iBundle
i(AV • ½ ianterior iof iHis
inodal) isurface iof • Posterior
ileft iventricle idivision iof
ileft ibundle
ibranch
Left • Anterior • AV inode i(10%)
• Anterior isurface iof • SA inode i(45%)
idescendin ileft iventricle • All
g i(LAD) • Left iatrium ibundle
• Circumflex i(LCX) • Lateral iwall ibranches
iof ileft
iventricle
• Part iof
iright
iventricle
Cardio iphysiology
- Conduction isystem
- Cardiac i(heart) isounds
- Heart irate iand iBlood ipressure
- Cardiac icycle
The imain ifunctions iof ithis isystem iare:
- to itransport ioxygen, ihormones iand inutrients ito ithe
itissues
Anatomy iAnd iPhysiology
Normal iAnatomy: iMicroscopic
– Consists iof iThree ilayers- iepicardium, imyocardium
iand iendocardium
– The iepicardium icovers ithe iouter isurface iof ithe iheart
The imyocardium iis ithe imiddle imuscular ilayer iof
ithe iheart
– The iendocardium ilines ithe ichambers iand ithe Myocardial iCell iTypes
ivalves Kinds iof Where iFound Primary Primary
iCardiac iCells iFunctio iProperty
n
Myocardial Myocardium Contraction Contractility
icells and
iRelaxation
Specialized Generation Automaticity
icells iof Electrical iand iConductivity
ithe iconductio iconduction
ielectrical n isystem iof
conduction electrical
isystem iimpulses
Normal iAnatomy: iGross
– The ilayer ithat icovers ithe iheart iis ithe
iPERICARDIUM
– There iare itwo iparts- iparietal iand ivisceral
ipericardium
– The ispace ibetween ithe itwo ipericardial ilayers iis
ithe ipericardial ispace
– The iheart iis ilocated iin ithe iLEFT iside iof ithe imediastinum
, How ithe iheart iworks.
- The iheart iand icirculation.
- The iheart ias ia ipump.
- Blood isupply ito ithe iheart i- ithe icoronary iarteries.
- The iheart ivalves.
- The iheart iis ia imuscular ipump.
- Circulating iblood icarries ioxygen ifrom ithe ilungs
iand inutrients ifrom ithe iliver.
The iHeart ihas iFour ione-way iValves:
- Aortic iValve.
- Mitral iValve.
- Pulmonary iValve.
- Tricuspid iValve.
The iheart ialso ihas ifour ichambers- itwo iatria iand itwo
iventricles
- The iLeft iatrium iand ithe iright iatrium
- The ileft iventricle iand ithe iright iventricle
The iheart ichambers iare iguarded iby ivalves
- The iatrio-ventricular ivalves- iTricuspid iand ibicuspid
- The isemi-lunar ivalves- iPulmonic iand iaortic ivalves
The iValves iof ithe iHeart
Valve iType Name Location
Separates iright
Tricuspid iatrium iand iright
Atrio-ventricular ventricle
i(AV) Separates ileft
Mitral i(Bicuspid) atrium iand ileft
iventricle
Between iright
Pulmonic ventricle iand
Semilunar ipulmonary iartery
Between ileft
Aortic
iventricle iand iaorta
, - The iheart iitself imust ireceive ienough ioxygenated iblood.
The iBlood isupply iof ithe iheart icomes ifrom ithe
iCoronary iarteries
- Blood iis isupplied ito ithe iheart ithrough ithe icoronary
- Right icoronary iartery iarteries, itwo imain ibranches iwhich ioriginate ijust
- Left icoronary iartery iabove ithe iaortic ivalve.
The iCoronary iArteries The ivenous idrainage iof ithe iheart
Portion iof Portion iof 1. Cardiac iveins
Coronary iArtery iand 2. Coronary isinus
iMyocardiu iConduction
iits iBranches
m iSupplied iSystem iSupplied
Right • Right iatrium • AV inode
• Posterior • Inferior iwall i(90% iof
idescending ipopulation)
iof iright
• Right • SA inode i( i>
i ventricle
imargin i55%) iBundle
i(AV • ½ ianterior iof iHis
inodal) isurface iof • Posterior
ileft iventricle idivision iof
ileft ibundle
ibranch
Left • Anterior • AV inode i(10%)
• Anterior isurface iof • SA inode i(45%)
idescendin ileft iventricle • All
g i(LAD) • Left iatrium ibundle
• Circumflex i(LCX) • Lateral iwall ibranches
iof ileft
iventricle
• Part iof
iright
iventricle
Cardio iphysiology
- Conduction isystem
- Cardiac i(heart) isounds
- Heart irate iand iBlood ipressure
- Cardiac icycle
The imain ifunctions iof ithis isystem iare:
- to itransport ioxygen, ihormones iand inutrients ito ithe
itissues
