PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 2 RASMUSSEN NEWEST
2024 ACTUAL EXAM 330 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
If your patient makes this statements about the treatment of her child's thrush, you need to
provide further education. Explain why. - ANSWER...If my child swallows this medication, I
need to call poision control.
Nystatin is safe to swallow because it is not absorbed in the GI tract
Since dopamine antagonist phenothiazine antiemetic medications like prochlorperazine
(Compazine) and promethazine (Phenergan) act on dopamine receptors, patients who take these
medications are at increased risk for developing which type of adverse reactions? -
ANSWER...EPS
This medication is a combination of opioid and anthicholnergic - ANSWER...diphenoxylate
with atropine (Lomotil)
What is the best choice of antacid for a patient with renal failure and GERD -
ANSWER...TUMS
Proton pump inhibitors like patnoprazole and esomeprozole should be taken how? -
ANSWER...On an empty stomach
How does metoclopramide (Reglan) work to control nausea and vomiting? -
ANSWER...increases gastric and intestinal emptying
blocks dopamine receptors in the chemorecptor trigger zone of the brain
Anesthetic eye drops should only be administered under which conditions in order to prevent
injury to the eye? - ANSWER...under strict medical supervision
Silver sulfadiazine should not be used on these two areas due to the risk of permanent
dying/tattoing of the skin - ANSWER...hands or face
Antibiotic use and misuse can lead to "super infections" such as - ANSWER...candidiasis and C.
diff
,This treatment for acne is in the pregnancy category X - ANSWER...isotretinoin
(Accutane/Amnesteem)
List some potential side effects of latanoprost (Xalatan) eye drops - ANSWER...permanent
darkening of the iris
increase in length, number, darkness, and thickness of eye lashes
respiratory problems (small percentage)
Pyelonephritis is the medical term for what type of infection - ANSWER...kidney infection
Cystitis is the medical term for what type of infection - ANSWER...bladder infection
The first agents used against bacterial infections that are derived from coal tar are -
ANSWER...sulfonamides
tolterodine tartrate (Detrol, Detrol LA) is contraindicated in which conditions -
ANSWER...urinary or GI obstruction because it has anticholinergic side effects
You would give phenazopyridine (Pyridum) to a client experiencing urinary urgency, frequency,
and burning in addition to an antibioitic becase..... - ANSWER...phenazopyridine (AZO) is a
urinary analgesic, so it relieves urinary pain and burning
This class of antibiotics are 90% effective against E. coli - ANSWER...sulfonamides
Since sulfonamides are 90% effective against E. coli they are a good choice for treating what
condition? - ANSWER...UTI
This antibiotic's clinical usefulness decreases over time so they should be given in combination
with other drugs - ANSWER...sulfonamides
If you are educating your client who is using ART drugs for management of HIV, what is the
most important consideration for your client? Why? - ANSWER...must be taken EXACTLY as
prescribed at the same time every day
Not doing so can cause resistance. Since HIV drugs require the use of at least two or three drugs
from two or more classes, this resistance can greatly limit the already small amount of drug
combinations available
Attaining the viral suppression of HIV necessitates the use of at least - ANSWER...Two,
preferably three active drugs from two or more drug classes
,This lab test is typically used to determine when to initiate medication therapy and to monitor
efficacy of therapy in client with HIV - ANSWER...CD4 T cell count
What is a healthy CD4 count - ANSWER...500 or more
When does acquired immunity occur? - ANSWER...when the body is exposed to a pathogen
CAN OCCUR NATURALLY OR DUE TO VACCINE
the next time the body encounters the same pathogen it recognizes it and mounts a targeted
response
Examples of attenuated (live) vaccines - ANSWER...BCG (tuberculosis)
MMR (measles, mumps, rubella)
Varicella (chicken pox)
Examples of not live (inacitvated) vaccines - ANSWER...Hep B
Tetanus
Patients taking this drug should report any signs of bleeding and have platelet levels checked -
ANSWER...methotrexate
Since patients taking this drug should have their platelet levels checked regularly, you should tell
them what? - ANSWER...Make sure they are getting their blood checked regularly
What conditions does methotrexate treat? - ANSWER...cancer
rheumatoid arthritis
psoriasis
induces miscarriage in patient with ectopic pregnancy
General side effects of methotrexate - ANSWER...Bone marrow suppression, leads to
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, stomatitis, vomiting, alopecia, hepatic and renal
dysfunction
Extremely important considerations with cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) - ANSWER...can cause
hemorrhagic cystitis (as a result of severe bladder inflammation)
should be taken with copious amount of water and early in the day so it doesn't accumulate in the
bladder
Important nursing consideration for erythropoietin (Epoetin Alpha) - ANSWER...increaed risk
of death when patients hemoglobin is >12
, What is an action of a bacteriostatic drug - ANSWER...slows the bacteria
What is the action of a bacteriocidal drug - ANSWER...kills the bacetria
Why is it important to get a culture if a patient presents with an infection? - ANSWER...It can
determine sensitivity (what antibiotics that baceteria is susceptible to ) so it can enable you to use
a narrow spectrum antibiotic
If a patient is taking antibiotics and coumadin, what blood levels should be monitored? -
ANSWER...INR
___________________ and ________________ should be obtained before antibiotics are started
- ANSWER...Culture, sensitivity
If a patient presents to the ER with an infection, would you use a narrow spectrum or broad
spectrum antibiotic? Why? - ANSWER...Broad spectrum
A culture for sensitivity takes 72 hours. You don't have time to wait for the results. You would
give the broad spectrum and then potentially give the narrow spectrum once the results come
back
True or false: the use of antibiotics is all you need to fight off infection. Explain your answer -
ANSWER...False
You need your immune system to work in conjunction with the antibiotic to subdue the invading
microorganism
What are some factors that contribute to antibioitc resistance - ANSWER...Not taking the
medication on time
Not finishing the course of antibiotics
Not using the right kind of antibiotics
Taking antibiotics too often
*Need to educate patient how to take them, when to take them, and what kind*
Narrow spectrum antibiotics - ANSWER...primarily effective against one type of organism
more effective against the organism its fighting than a broad spectrum antibioitic
Broad spectrum antibiotics - ANSWER...can be effective against gram negative and gram
positive organisms
often used when the microorganism causing the infection has not been identified
2024 ACTUAL EXAM 330 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
If your patient makes this statements about the treatment of her child's thrush, you need to
provide further education. Explain why. - ANSWER...If my child swallows this medication, I
need to call poision control.
Nystatin is safe to swallow because it is not absorbed in the GI tract
Since dopamine antagonist phenothiazine antiemetic medications like prochlorperazine
(Compazine) and promethazine (Phenergan) act on dopamine receptors, patients who take these
medications are at increased risk for developing which type of adverse reactions? -
ANSWER...EPS
This medication is a combination of opioid and anthicholnergic - ANSWER...diphenoxylate
with atropine (Lomotil)
What is the best choice of antacid for a patient with renal failure and GERD -
ANSWER...TUMS
Proton pump inhibitors like patnoprazole and esomeprozole should be taken how? -
ANSWER...On an empty stomach
How does metoclopramide (Reglan) work to control nausea and vomiting? -
ANSWER...increases gastric and intestinal emptying
blocks dopamine receptors in the chemorecptor trigger zone of the brain
Anesthetic eye drops should only be administered under which conditions in order to prevent
injury to the eye? - ANSWER...under strict medical supervision
Silver sulfadiazine should not be used on these two areas due to the risk of permanent
dying/tattoing of the skin - ANSWER...hands or face
Antibiotic use and misuse can lead to "super infections" such as - ANSWER...candidiasis and C.
diff
,This treatment for acne is in the pregnancy category X - ANSWER...isotretinoin
(Accutane/Amnesteem)
List some potential side effects of latanoprost (Xalatan) eye drops - ANSWER...permanent
darkening of the iris
increase in length, number, darkness, and thickness of eye lashes
respiratory problems (small percentage)
Pyelonephritis is the medical term for what type of infection - ANSWER...kidney infection
Cystitis is the medical term for what type of infection - ANSWER...bladder infection
The first agents used against bacterial infections that are derived from coal tar are -
ANSWER...sulfonamides
tolterodine tartrate (Detrol, Detrol LA) is contraindicated in which conditions -
ANSWER...urinary or GI obstruction because it has anticholinergic side effects
You would give phenazopyridine (Pyridum) to a client experiencing urinary urgency, frequency,
and burning in addition to an antibioitic becase..... - ANSWER...phenazopyridine (AZO) is a
urinary analgesic, so it relieves urinary pain and burning
This class of antibiotics are 90% effective against E. coli - ANSWER...sulfonamides
Since sulfonamides are 90% effective against E. coli they are a good choice for treating what
condition? - ANSWER...UTI
This antibiotic's clinical usefulness decreases over time so they should be given in combination
with other drugs - ANSWER...sulfonamides
If you are educating your client who is using ART drugs for management of HIV, what is the
most important consideration for your client? Why? - ANSWER...must be taken EXACTLY as
prescribed at the same time every day
Not doing so can cause resistance. Since HIV drugs require the use of at least two or three drugs
from two or more classes, this resistance can greatly limit the already small amount of drug
combinations available
Attaining the viral suppression of HIV necessitates the use of at least - ANSWER...Two,
preferably three active drugs from two or more drug classes
,This lab test is typically used to determine when to initiate medication therapy and to monitor
efficacy of therapy in client with HIV - ANSWER...CD4 T cell count
What is a healthy CD4 count - ANSWER...500 or more
When does acquired immunity occur? - ANSWER...when the body is exposed to a pathogen
CAN OCCUR NATURALLY OR DUE TO VACCINE
the next time the body encounters the same pathogen it recognizes it and mounts a targeted
response
Examples of attenuated (live) vaccines - ANSWER...BCG (tuberculosis)
MMR (measles, mumps, rubella)
Varicella (chicken pox)
Examples of not live (inacitvated) vaccines - ANSWER...Hep B
Tetanus
Patients taking this drug should report any signs of bleeding and have platelet levels checked -
ANSWER...methotrexate
Since patients taking this drug should have their platelet levels checked regularly, you should tell
them what? - ANSWER...Make sure they are getting their blood checked regularly
What conditions does methotrexate treat? - ANSWER...cancer
rheumatoid arthritis
psoriasis
induces miscarriage in patient with ectopic pregnancy
General side effects of methotrexate - ANSWER...Bone marrow suppression, leads to
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, stomatitis, vomiting, alopecia, hepatic and renal
dysfunction
Extremely important considerations with cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) - ANSWER...can cause
hemorrhagic cystitis (as a result of severe bladder inflammation)
should be taken with copious amount of water and early in the day so it doesn't accumulate in the
bladder
Important nursing consideration for erythropoietin (Epoetin Alpha) - ANSWER...increaed risk
of death when patients hemoglobin is >12
, What is an action of a bacteriostatic drug - ANSWER...slows the bacteria
What is the action of a bacteriocidal drug - ANSWER...kills the bacetria
Why is it important to get a culture if a patient presents with an infection? - ANSWER...It can
determine sensitivity (what antibiotics that baceteria is susceptible to ) so it can enable you to use
a narrow spectrum antibiotic
If a patient is taking antibiotics and coumadin, what blood levels should be monitored? -
ANSWER...INR
___________________ and ________________ should be obtained before antibiotics are started
- ANSWER...Culture, sensitivity
If a patient presents to the ER with an infection, would you use a narrow spectrum or broad
spectrum antibiotic? Why? - ANSWER...Broad spectrum
A culture for sensitivity takes 72 hours. You don't have time to wait for the results. You would
give the broad spectrum and then potentially give the narrow spectrum once the results come
back
True or false: the use of antibiotics is all you need to fight off infection. Explain your answer -
ANSWER...False
You need your immune system to work in conjunction with the antibiotic to subdue the invading
microorganism
What are some factors that contribute to antibioitc resistance - ANSWER...Not taking the
medication on time
Not finishing the course of antibiotics
Not using the right kind of antibiotics
Taking antibiotics too often
*Need to educate patient how to take them, when to take them, and what kind*
Narrow spectrum antibiotics - ANSWER...primarily effective against one type of organism
more effective against the organism its fighting than a broad spectrum antibioitic
Broad spectrum antibiotics - ANSWER...can be effective against gram negative and gram
positive organisms
often used when the microorganism causing the infection has not been identified
