Nutrition 1020 Exam 3 with verified solutions 2024

What does insulin do? Lowers blood sugar levels by causing the liver and muscles uptake the glucose (changes it to glycogen for storage). What is peristalsis? The involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward. Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:00 / 0:15 Full screen Brainpower Read More What are benefits of insoluble fiber? Insoluble fiber - Does not soften or gel in water. Does attract water. (Cellulose. Hemi-cellulose. Lignins.) - Whole grain foods, celery strings, apple peels. Soluble Fiber Softens & Gels in water. Does attract water. (Pectins. Gums. Mucilages.) - Fruits (like apple pectin), vegetable, legumes, and oats. Where does digestion of food occur? Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine What is stored in the gallbladder? Bile Type 1 Diabetes Less than 5% of cases. • Juvenile onset • Is more difficult to control • Insulin administration is essential in the control of blood sugar (Insulin-dependent diabetes) • Is due to a genetic and/or viral factor causing auto immunity directed against the pancreatic beta cells Type 2 Diabetes • ~95% of cases • Typically adult onset • May be controlled with lifestyle changes & oral hypoglycemic agents • Is caused by insulin resistance (decreased insulin receptor response) • Is predisposed by obesity & genetics. Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet Heart healthy diet to lower your cholesterol. Total Fat: 25%-35% of Calories. SFA: 7% of Calories. PUFA: ≤10% of Calories MUFA: ≤20% of Calories Trans Fatty Acids: As low as possible. Carbohydrates: 50%-60%. Proteins: ~15% of Calories. Cholesterol: 200 mg/day. Plant stanols/sterols: 2 g/day. Soluble Fiber: 10g-25g/day. Total Calories: Balance energy intake and expenditure to maintain desirable body weight and prevent weight gain. Expend 200 Calories/day in moderate physical activity. DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) Increase calcium, potassium and magnesium. Low-fat, fiber-rich, moderate protein & carbohydrate. • Aerobic exercise. • Healthy Body Weight. How can you test for diabetes? Glucose Tolerance Test (with fasting blood sugar levels). What is hypoglycemia? Low blood glucose levels. Blood sugar dropping. Which is considered a ginormous absorptive area Small Intestine Kwashiorkor is a lack of.... Protein while having enough calories overall. Marasmus Not enough calories or protein. Undernourished. low-density lipoprotein (LDL) LDL s delivers cholesterol to tissue and therefore have a higher plaque effect. LDL Cholesterol 100 mg/dl - Optimal 100-129 mg/dl - Near optimal 130-159 mg/dl - Borderline high 160-189 mg/dl - High ≥ 190 mg/dl - Very high High-density lipoprotein (HDL) HDL s return cholesterol to the liver for synthesis of bile, hormones, and vitamins. HDL Cholesterol 40 Low (indicates risk) 60 High High PUFA diets Decrease LDL & HDL. High MUFA Diets Decrease LDL. Cholesterol Can Increase LDL. Protein digestion occurs: Occurs in the stomach and small intestine (duodenum). High SFA diets Increase LDL. Fibrous and globular are types of: Protein Fibrous: Uniform in structure.