Nutrition 1020 Exam 3 Weber State with verified solutions 2024

Mechanical digestion The breaking down of big food parts into smaller ones, involving muscles and nerves. Chewing(mastication) Chemical digestion The breaking down of big food parts into smaller ones, involving acid, enzymes, and hormones. Saliva and amylase(breaks down carbs). Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:00 / 0:15 Full screen Brainpower Read More What is an Enzyme? Protein that catalyze metabolic reactions, and are necessary for most biochemical reactions to occur. Examples of enzymes amylase:carbohydrates protease:proteins lipase: Lipids/Fats What is a Hormone? Chemicals produced by cells, and secreted, then affect the behavior of cells at distal sites in the body. Examples of hormones and purpose? Secretin: released from duodenal cells and sends signals to the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes to the stomach to produce pepsin, a protease enzyme, and to the liver to produce bile. Cholecystokinin: released form duodenal cells and sends signals to the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes to the gallbladder to release bile. Peristalsis a muscular wave action that occurs throughout the intestinal tract. Stomach muscular organ and storage reservoir. It mechanically digests food by mixing and churning. Chemically digests food with acid and some enzymes(pepsin). The food then becomes chyme Small Intestine Order Duodenum Jejunum Ileum The 3 accessory Organs and functions Liver: makes bile Gallbladder: stores bile Pancreas: Makes enzymes, and makes sodium bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid Function of Bile Emulsifier:brings the fat to the enzymes Passive(simple) Diffusion(transport) products pass freely across membrane, no energy Facilitated Diffusion(transport) water soluble vitamins diffuse across membrane using a specific proteins, needs a protein but no energy Active Transport glucose and amino acids move across membrane against a concentration gradient using a specific protein, and energy. Duodenum absorbs what? many nutrients Jejunum absorbs what? many nutrients Ileum absorbs what? only selected nutrients Colon absorbs what? water Blood vessels transport what? water soluble nutrients Lymphatic system transport what? fat soluble nutrients Catabolic Reaction breaking down, involves hydrolysis reactions. degrading and destructive in nature Anabolic reactions Building up, involves condensation reactions. synthesizing or constructive in nature. Homeostasis balance of catabolic and anabolic reactions to keep a stable internal environment of equilibrium. What action does the enzyme lipase have on triglycerides? Catabolic What action does bile have on triglycerides? neither What action does the hormone secretin have on the liver? anabolic What the kidney excrets water and water soluble waste What the skin excrets water and water soluble waste What the lung excrets carbon dioxide and water What the colon excrets Water is removed and waste(bacteria, fiber, etc.) is compacted