Ac-Hpat Prep

Proteins - answer-Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues made up of amino acids Anaerobic Respiration - answer-Respiration in the absence of oxygen. This produces lactic acid. endocytosis and exocytosis - answer-cold/hot active transport What is a pyruvate? - answer-end product of glycolysis Ribosomes - answer-site of protein synthesis in the cell the cell - answer-The basic unit of structure and function in living things prokaryotic cell - answer-cell lacking a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles eukaryotic cell - answer-A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles cellular respiration - answer-Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen aerobic respiration - answer-Form of cellular respiration which requires oxygen to generate energy. four types of transport that allow small molecules to move across the cell membrane: - answer-Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport, and Passive Transport. Prokaryotic Reproduction - answer-binary fission (asexual) (dividing 1/2) binary fission - answer-A form of asexual reproduction in which the parent divides into two identical halves. cytokinesis - answer-The division of cytoplasm into two identical daughter cells, which occurs during the telophase stage of mitosis. haploid cell - answer-A cell that contains one set of chromosomes diploid cell - answer-A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes chromatin - answer-Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell centriole - answer-structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division chromosome - answer-a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. DNA - answer-deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. RNA - answer-ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, although in some viruses RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information. Nucleotide - answer-monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base transcription - answer-synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template translation - answer-Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced What is a chromotid? - answer-half of a chromosome allele - answer-An alternative form of a gene; one from each parent; dominant vs recessive phenotype - answer-An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits. genotype - answer-An organism's genetic makeup. incomplete dominance - answer-A pattern of inheritance in which two alleles, inherited from the parents, are neither dominant nor recessive. The resulting offspring have a phenotype that is a blending of the parental traits. mutant phenotypes - answer-due to alleles assumed to have originated as changes, or mutations, in the wild-type allele function of the circulatory system - answer-To distrubute blood and associated chemicals through the body. function of the respiratory system - answer-To take in oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide. function of the digestive system - answer-To break down food for energy, reabsorb water and nutrients, and eliminate waste. virus - answer-a parasite that can only produce within a living host cell. What are the two cycles of viral reproduction? - answer-The Lytic Cycle and Lysogenic Cycle. lytic cycle - answer-The reprodyuctive cycle of viruses that end in the death of the host. lysogenic cycle - answer-The reproductive cycle of a virus, which coexists with the host rather than killing it. symbiotic relationship - answer-close interaction between species in which one species lives in or on the other Destruction of bacteria by a lytic agent is called: - answer-A bacteriophagia. What is photosynthesis? - answer-The process by which light energy, captured by the chloroplasts of plants, is converted to chemical energy. What is the ploem? - answer-A vascular tissue that transports sugars from leaves throughout the rest of the plant. What is the xylem? - answer-A vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved mineral nutrients from the roots to other parts of the plant. What is a gymnosperm? - answer-A plant that produces unprotected seeds. What is an angiosperm? - answer-A type of flowering plant. The sticky tip of the carpel of a flower, which receives the pollen, is called the: - answer-Stigma The major sites of photosynthesis in most plants are the: - answer-Leaves Name the 6 kingdoms of living entities. - answer-1. Archaebacteria 2. Eubacteria 3. Protista 4. Fungi 5. Plantae 6. Animalia. The majority of primary producers in an ecosystem are: - answer-Autotrophs right atrium - answer-2; the right upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the venae cavae and coronary sinus aorta - answer-7 Number 1 is pointng to the: - answer-Superior Vena Cava Number 8 is pointing to the: - answer-Pulmonary Artery Number 4 is pointing to the: - answer-Inferior Vena Cava The pulmonary valve is indicated by number: - answer-5 The tricuspid valve is indicated by number: - answer-3 Number 5 is pointing to the: - answer-Pulmonary Valve The inferior vena cava is indicated by number: - answer-4 Number 3 is pointing to the: - answer-Tricuspid Vave The right ventricle is indicated by number: - answer-6 The superior vena cava is indicated by number: - answer-1 Number 7 is pointing to the: - answer-Aorta The right atrium is indicated by number: - answer-2 Number 6 is pointing to the: - answer-Right Ventricle Number 9 is pointing to the: - answer-Left Atrium Number 10 is pointing to the: - answer-Pulmonary Vein bicuspid (mitral) valve - answer-11 left ventricle - answer-12 aortic valve - answer-13 How many chambers does the human heart have? - answer-Four Which blood vessel provides oxygenated blood? - answer-The aorta. Which type of vessel contains valves? - answer-Veins What is the function of a valve in a vein? - answer-To prevent reverse bloodflow Which vessels supply the heart with blood? - answer-The coronary arteries Which type of cell carries oxygen around the body? - answer-Red blood cells. What is the function of white blood cells? - answer-To act as part of the immune system Which type of vessel needs to withstand high blood pressure? - answer-An artery. What does the pulse represent? - answer-The heartbeat. A blood clot in the brain can cause which event? - answer-A stroke. Why is blood clotting essential? - answer-To reduce blood loss. Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the heart? - answer-The pulmonary artery. Where does the right ventricle pump blood to? - answer-The lungs What is it called when plaque builds up in the arteries? - answer-Artheriosclerosis.