Honors Biology Midterm Study Guide
with Complete Solutions
What is the term for the process by which a cell converts glucose into energy in the absence of
oxygen?
✔✔ Fermentation
What is the name of the structure that contains the cell's genetic material and controls its
activities?
✔✔ Nucleus
What is the term for the sequence of amino acids in a protein chain?
✔✔ Primary Structure
What is the name of the process by which genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA?
✔✔ Transcription
What is the term for the regulation of gene expression by altering the structure of chromatin?
✔✔ Epigenetics
1
, What is the name of the phase in mitosis where chromosomes line up at the cell's equatorial
plane?
✔✔ Metaphase
What is the term for the movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of
high concentration, requiring energy?
✔✔ Active Transport
What is the name of the stage in meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic
material?
✔✔ Crossing Over
What is the term for the sum of all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism?
✔✔ Metabolism
What is the name of the process by which plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and
water into glucose and oxygen?
✔✔ Photosynthesis
2
with Complete Solutions
What is the term for the process by which a cell converts glucose into energy in the absence of
oxygen?
✔✔ Fermentation
What is the name of the structure that contains the cell's genetic material and controls its
activities?
✔✔ Nucleus
What is the term for the sequence of amino acids in a protein chain?
✔✔ Primary Structure
What is the name of the process by which genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA?
✔✔ Transcription
What is the term for the regulation of gene expression by altering the structure of chromatin?
✔✔ Epigenetics
1
, What is the name of the phase in mitosis where chromosomes line up at the cell's equatorial
plane?
✔✔ Metaphase
What is the term for the movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of
high concentration, requiring energy?
✔✔ Active Transport
What is the name of the stage in meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic
material?
✔✔ Crossing Over
What is the term for the sum of all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism?
✔✔ Metabolism
What is the name of the process by which plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and
water into glucose and oxygen?
✔✔ Photosynthesis
2
