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John Locke - ✔✔Believed children came into the world as "tabula rasa"
aka- blank slate
Jean-Jacques Rousseau - ✔✔Believed children were inherently good, and
when allowed to express natural impulses, generous morality would
develop
G. Stanley Hall - ✔✔Founded child development as an academic discipline
and focused scientific attention on the period of adolescence
Alfred Binet / Theodore Simon - ✔✔Developed the first standardized
intelligence test intended to help public school children at risk of falling
behind their peers in academic achievement
William Perry / Gisella Labouvie-Vief - ✔✔Studied cognitive complexity
from adolescence to late adulthood
Nature - ✔✔The process within an organism that guide it to develop
according to its genetic code.
-genetics
, -nervous system functioning
-maturation
Nurture - ✔✔Environmental factors that influence development
-cultural and familial backrounds
-educational opportunities
Theory of Psychosexual Development (Sig.Freud) - ✔✔Freud theorized
three parts of the personality.
1. ID-presents at birth;unconscious, represents biological drives, demands
instant gratification
2. EGO- conscious sense of self, seeks gratification but avoids social
disapproval
3. SUPEREGO-conscious, monitors the intentions and behavior of ego by
allowing guilt and shame
Theory of Psychosexual Development
(Sig. Freud) - ✔✔Five stages of psychosexual development:
STAGE 1 - ORAL: focused on oral activities such as sucking and biting
during the first year of life.
STAGE 2 - ANAL: focus on control and elimination of bodily wast products,
toilet training stage of life