Loma 311 module 1 Exam Questions & Answers
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Constitution u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uOne uof uthe uprimary usources uof ulaw. uThe uother uthree uare
ustatutes, uadministrative uregulations, uand utreaties uand uinternational uagreements. u
uA uconstitution uis ua udocument uor ugroup uof udocuments uthat uset uout uthe ufundamental uprinciples
uthat udetermine uthe upowers uand uduties uof uthe ugovernment uand uthe urights uof uthe upeople. u
-meant uto ube urelatively upermanent uand ua uprimary usource uof ulaw
Branches uof uGovernment u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uLegislative, uExecutive, uJudicial
legislative uis uresponsible ufor uan uacting ulaws uto ugovern uthe uapplicable ujurisdiction
executive uconsists uof ua usystem uof uadministrative uagencies uthat uare uresponsible ufor
uadministering, uenforcing uor ucaring uout uthe ujurisdictions ulaws. u
Judicial uconsists uof ua usystem uof ucourts uthat uare uresponsible ufor uapplying uand uinterpreting uthe
ujurisdictions ulaws uin ufor uresolving udisputes. uMany ucountries upromote ualternative udispute
uresolution umethods. u++++ uadministrative ulaw ulooks uat uregulations
Parliamentary uDemocracy u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uOther ucountries uuse uthis uas uthe uLEGISLATIVE
ubranch uof ugovernment uand uhas uULTIMATE uauthority ufor umaking uall uthe ulaws. uCountries uwithin
uthe uBritish uCommonwealth, umost uEuropean ucountries, uIndia uand uSingapore uare uexamples uof
uthis. u
generally uthe uEXECUTIVE ubranch uof ugovernment uis uled uby ua uPrime uMinister uwho uhas uthe
upolitical uparty uand uholds uthe umajority uof uelected useats
,federal usystem u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uA uFederal ugovernment uand ua unumber uof ulower ulevel
ugovernments ushare ugovernmental upowers. uFor uexample uthe uUSA uis ua uFederation uof u50 ustates,
uthe udistrict uof uColumbia uin useveral uterritories. u
in ua ufederal usystem, uthe ufederal uConstitution uis uthe unations usupreme ulaw. u
typically ueach ustate ualso uhas ua ustate uconstitution uthat userves uas uthe ustates ufundamental ulaw.
uThe ustate ulaws umust ube uconsistent uwith uthe ufederal uConstitution
Statutes u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uwritten ulaws uenacted uby ulegislatures. u
generally uthey udeclare, ucommand, uor uprohibit usomething. uThese ulegislative uenactments ucreate
uthe ubody uof ulaw uknown uas ustatutory ulaw
Congress u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uThe ulegislative ubranch uof uthe ufederal ugovernment uis ureferred uto
uas uCongress uand uthe utwo uhouses uare uthe uSenate uand uthe uhouse uof urepresentatives
U.S. uCode u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uAll uof uthe ufederal ustatutes uhave ubeen ucompiled uas uthis
State uCodes u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uThe ulaws uenacted uby ua ugiven ustate uare uknown uas uthe ustate
ucode.
State uinsurance ucode u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uA uportion uof ueach ustate ucode uregulates uthe
uinsurance uindustry uwithin uthe ustate uand uis uknown uas uthe ustate uinsurance ucode
FIO u(Federal uInsurance uOffice) u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uAnd uadministrative uoffice uwithin uthe
udepartment uof uthe utreasury uthat umonitors uthe uinsurance uindustry uand urepresents uthe uUS uand
uinternational uinsurance umatters
Department uof uTreasury u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uThe ufederal uagency uthat uhas uprimary
uresponsibility ufor uadministering ufederal ubanking uand utax ulaws
SEC u(Securities uand uExchange uCommission) u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uThe ufederal uagency uthat
uadministers ufederal ulaws ugoverning usecurities uand uinvestment uindustry
DOJ u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uDepartment uof uJustice. uThe ufederal uagency uthat uis uresponsible ufor
uenforcing ufederal ucriminal ulaws, urepresenting uthe uUS uand ufederal ucases, uand uproviding ulegal
uadvice uto uother ufederal uofficials uand udepartments
Insurance uDepartment u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uA ustate uadministrative uagency uthat uis uresponsible
ufor uenforcing uthe ustate uinsurance ucode uand umaking ucertain uthat uinsurers uconducting ubusiness
uwithin uthe ustate ucomply uwith uall ustate uinsurance ulaws
,The uOffice uof uthe uSecretary uof uState u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uA ustate uagency uthat uis uresponsible
ufor ulicensing ucorporations uand ubusinesses
Office uof uthe uAttorney uGeneral u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uA ustate uagency uthat uis uauthorized uto
uenforce uthe ustates ucriminal ulaws, urepresent uthe ustate uand uall ulegal umatters, uand uprovide ulegal
uadvice uto uthe ugovernor uand uother ustate uadministrative uofficials
Treaty u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uHe ulegally ubinding uagreement uentered uinto uby utwo uor umore
unations uthat uagree uto uabide uby uthe uterms uof uthe uagreement. uAlso uknown uas uconventions uor
upacts u
political utreaties uestablish umilitary ualliances, uand uwars, uand usubtle uboundary udisputes. u
Commercial utreaties udeal uwith utrade uand utariffs uissues
Case uLaw u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uthe urules uof ulaw uannounced uin ucourt udecisions
Substantive ulaw u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uThey ucreate, udefine, uand uregulate ulegal urights uand uduties.
u
Examples uare uhow ua ustatute udefines ufraudulent umisrepresentation uor uthe upunishment uthat ua
uperson uconvinced uof uinsurance ufraud umay ureceive
Procedural uLaw u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uSpecify uthe urules uand umethods uthat ucourts uuse uto uenforce
usubstantive ulaws. u
For uexample umay urequire uthat ua udefendant uanswer ua ucomplaint uwithin u30 udays uof ubeing
userved uwith uthe ucomplaint. uAlso uprovide ua uguideline uof uhow ucases uproceed uthrough ua ucourt
usystem uand uspecify uthe utypes uof ucases uthat ueach ucourt uhas ujurisdiction uto uhear
Jurisdiction u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uRefers uto uthe uauthority uof ua ucourt uto uhear uspecific ucases uor
uin uthe uevent uof uoverlapping uauthorities, uthe umost uappropriate uforum uto uhear uthe ucase
Trial ucourts u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uAlso ucalled ucourts uof uoriginal ujurisdiction ubecause uthey uare
uthe ucourts uthat ufirst uhear udisputes. u****Substantive ulaws uare ulaws uthat ucreate, udefine uand
uregulate ulegal urights uand uduties.
appellate ucourt u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uThese uare uauthorized uto ureview uwith uthe udecisions uof
ulower ucourts.
, Most ustates uhave utwo ulevels uof uappellate ucourts. uThe uhigher-level uappellate ucourt—usually
uknown uas uthe ustate usupreme ucourt—has uauthority uto ureview uthe udecisions uof uthe ulower
uappellate ucourt—often uknown uas uthe ustate ucourt uof uappeal.
Unpublished uopinions u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uA udecision uof ua ucourt uthat uis unot uavailable ufor
ucitation uin usubsequent ucourt ucases
Common uLaw uSystem u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uA ulegal usystem ubased uon uthe ucommon ulaw uof
uEngland. uCourts uwere ucreated uto uresolve udisputes uin uaccordance uwith uthe ucustoms uof uthe
ulocal uarea
In umaking udecisions uthe ucourts ufollow ua ugeneral urule uknown uas uthe udoctrine uof ustare udecisis. u+
+++ ubound uto uadhere uto uits uown uprecedents uand uto uthe uprecedents uestablished uby uhigher
ucourts uin uthe usame ujurisdiction u*** uCommon ulaw u= uEnglish ulaw u**** uCivil uLaw u= uRoman
uLegal usystem u***** uTort uand ucommon ulaw uare uwrongs uagainst ua uperson uOR uanother uperson's
uproperty.
Doctrine uof uStare uDecisis u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uWhen ua ucourt ufinds uthat ua uspecific uprinciple uof
ulaw uapplies uto ua ucertain uset uof ufacts, uthe ucourt uwill uapply uthat uprincipal uto uall ufuture ucases uin
uwhich uthe ufacts uare usubstantially uthe usame
Precedent u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uA uquart uand ua ucommon ulaw ujurisdiction ugenerally uit's ubound uto
uadhere uto uits uown uprecede uand uto uthe uprecedent uestablished uby uhigher ucourts uin uthe usame
ujurisdiction. uBy urelying uon uprecedents, uthe ucourts uare uable uto uenforce uthe ulaws uin ua uuniform,
upredictable, uand uimpartial umanner
A ucourt umay udepart ufrom ua uprecedent uwhen ufollowing uthe uprecedent uwould ucause uan uunjust
uresult
It uremains uin uforce uuntil u1. uA ucourt uoverturns uthe uprecedent uor u2. uThe ulegislature uand uask ua
ustatute uthat uchanges uthe ulegal uprinciple uthat uunderlines uthe uprecedent
Civil uLaw uSystem u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uA usystem uof ulaw uderived ufrom uRoman ulaw uthat uis ubased
uon ucodified ulaws u(rather uthan uon ucase uprecedents).
A ucode uis ua ucomprehensive uwritten ustatement uof urules uthat uembody uthe ugeneral uprinciples uof
ulaw uin ua ugiven ucivil ulaw ujurisdiction.
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Constitution u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uOne uof uthe uprimary usources uof ulaw. uThe uother uthree uare
ustatutes, uadministrative uregulations, uand utreaties uand uinternational uagreements. u
uA uconstitution uis ua udocument uor ugroup uof udocuments uthat uset uout uthe ufundamental uprinciples
uthat udetermine uthe upowers uand uduties uof uthe ugovernment uand uthe urights uof uthe upeople. u
-meant uto ube urelatively upermanent uand ua uprimary usource uof ulaw
Branches uof uGovernment u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uLegislative, uExecutive, uJudicial
legislative uis uresponsible ufor uan uacting ulaws uto ugovern uthe uapplicable ujurisdiction
executive uconsists uof ua usystem uof uadministrative uagencies uthat uare uresponsible ufor
uadministering, uenforcing uor ucaring uout uthe ujurisdictions ulaws. u
Judicial uconsists uof ua usystem uof ucourts uthat uare uresponsible ufor uapplying uand uinterpreting uthe
ujurisdictions ulaws uin ufor uresolving udisputes. uMany ucountries upromote ualternative udispute
uresolution umethods. u++++ uadministrative ulaw ulooks uat uregulations
Parliamentary uDemocracy u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uOther ucountries uuse uthis uas uthe uLEGISLATIVE
ubranch uof ugovernment uand uhas uULTIMATE uauthority ufor umaking uall uthe ulaws. uCountries uwithin
uthe uBritish uCommonwealth, umost uEuropean ucountries, uIndia uand uSingapore uare uexamples uof
uthis. u
generally uthe uEXECUTIVE ubranch uof ugovernment uis uled uby ua uPrime uMinister uwho uhas uthe
upolitical uparty uand uholds uthe umajority uof uelected useats
,federal usystem u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uA uFederal ugovernment uand ua unumber uof ulower ulevel
ugovernments ushare ugovernmental upowers. uFor uexample uthe uUSA uis ua uFederation uof u50 ustates,
uthe udistrict uof uColumbia uin useveral uterritories. u
in ua ufederal usystem, uthe ufederal uConstitution uis uthe unations usupreme ulaw. u
typically ueach ustate ualso uhas ua ustate uconstitution uthat userves uas uthe ustates ufundamental ulaw.
uThe ustate ulaws umust ube uconsistent uwith uthe ufederal uConstitution
Statutes u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uwritten ulaws uenacted uby ulegislatures. u
generally uthey udeclare, ucommand, uor uprohibit usomething. uThese ulegislative uenactments ucreate
uthe ubody uof ulaw uknown uas ustatutory ulaw
Congress u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uThe ulegislative ubranch uof uthe ufederal ugovernment uis ureferred uto
uas uCongress uand uthe utwo uhouses uare uthe uSenate uand uthe uhouse uof urepresentatives
U.S. uCode u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uAll uof uthe ufederal ustatutes uhave ubeen ucompiled uas uthis
State uCodes u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uThe ulaws uenacted uby ua ugiven ustate uare uknown uas uthe ustate
ucode.
State uinsurance ucode u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uA uportion uof ueach ustate ucode uregulates uthe
uinsurance uindustry uwithin uthe ustate uand uis uknown uas uthe ustate uinsurance ucode
FIO u(Federal uInsurance uOffice) u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uAnd uadministrative uoffice uwithin uthe
udepartment uof uthe utreasury uthat umonitors uthe uinsurance uindustry uand urepresents uthe uUS uand
uinternational uinsurance umatters
Department uof uTreasury u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uThe ufederal uagency uthat uhas uprimary
uresponsibility ufor uadministering ufederal ubanking uand utax ulaws
SEC u(Securities uand uExchange uCommission) u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uThe ufederal uagency uthat
uadministers ufederal ulaws ugoverning usecurities uand uinvestment uindustry
DOJ u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uDepartment uof uJustice. uThe ufederal uagency uthat uis uresponsible ufor
uenforcing ufederal ucriminal ulaws, urepresenting uthe uUS uand ufederal ucases, uand uproviding ulegal
uadvice uto uother ufederal uofficials uand udepartments
Insurance uDepartment u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uA ustate uadministrative uagency uthat uis uresponsible
ufor uenforcing uthe ustate uinsurance ucode uand umaking ucertain uthat uinsurers uconducting ubusiness
uwithin uthe ustate ucomply uwith uall ustate uinsurance ulaws
,The uOffice uof uthe uSecretary uof uState u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uA ustate uagency uthat uis uresponsible
ufor ulicensing ucorporations uand ubusinesses
Office uof uthe uAttorney uGeneral u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uA ustate uagency uthat uis uauthorized uto
uenforce uthe ustates ucriminal ulaws, urepresent uthe ustate uand uall ulegal umatters, uand uprovide ulegal
uadvice uto uthe ugovernor uand uother ustate uadministrative uofficials
Treaty u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uHe ulegally ubinding uagreement uentered uinto uby utwo uor umore
unations uthat uagree uto uabide uby uthe uterms uof uthe uagreement. uAlso uknown uas uconventions uor
upacts u
political utreaties uestablish umilitary ualliances, uand uwars, uand usubtle uboundary udisputes. u
Commercial utreaties udeal uwith utrade uand utariffs uissues
Case uLaw u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uthe urules uof ulaw uannounced uin ucourt udecisions
Substantive ulaw u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uThey ucreate, udefine, uand uregulate ulegal urights uand uduties.
u
Examples uare uhow ua ustatute udefines ufraudulent umisrepresentation uor uthe upunishment uthat ua
uperson uconvinced uof uinsurance ufraud umay ureceive
Procedural uLaw u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uSpecify uthe urules uand umethods uthat ucourts uuse uto uenforce
usubstantive ulaws. u
For uexample umay urequire uthat ua udefendant uanswer ua ucomplaint uwithin u30 udays uof ubeing
userved uwith uthe ucomplaint. uAlso uprovide ua uguideline uof uhow ucases uproceed uthrough ua ucourt
usystem uand uspecify uthe utypes uof ucases uthat ueach ucourt uhas ujurisdiction uto uhear
Jurisdiction u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uRefers uto uthe uauthority uof ua ucourt uto uhear uspecific ucases uor
uin uthe uevent uof uoverlapping uauthorities, uthe umost uappropriate uforum uto uhear uthe ucase
Trial ucourts u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uAlso ucalled ucourts uof uoriginal ujurisdiction ubecause uthey uare
uthe ucourts uthat ufirst uhear udisputes. u****Substantive ulaws uare ulaws uthat ucreate, udefine uand
uregulate ulegal urights uand uduties.
appellate ucourt u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uThese uare uauthorized uto ureview uwith uthe udecisions uof
ulower ucourts.
, Most ustates uhave utwo ulevels uof uappellate ucourts. uThe uhigher-level uappellate ucourt—usually
uknown uas uthe ustate usupreme ucourt—has uauthority uto ureview uthe udecisions uof uthe ulower
uappellate ucourt—often uknown uas uthe ustate ucourt uof uappeal.
Unpublished uopinions u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uA udecision uof ua ucourt uthat uis unot uavailable ufor
ucitation uin usubsequent ucourt ucases
Common uLaw uSystem u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uA ulegal usystem ubased uon uthe ucommon ulaw uof
uEngland. uCourts uwere ucreated uto uresolve udisputes uin uaccordance uwith uthe ucustoms uof uthe
ulocal uarea
In umaking udecisions uthe ucourts ufollow ua ugeneral urule uknown uas uthe udoctrine uof ustare udecisis. u+
+++ ubound uto uadhere uto uits uown uprecedents uand uto uthe uprecedents uestablished uby uhigher
ucourts uin uthe usame ujurisdiction u*** uCommon ulaw u= uEnglish ulaw u**** uCivil uLaw u= uRoman
uLegal usystem u***** uTort uand ucommon ulaw uare uwrongs uagainst ua uperson uOR uanother uperson's
uproperty.
Doctrine uof uStare uDecisis u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uWhen ua ucourt ufinds uthat ua uspecific uprinciple uof
ulaw uapplies uto ua ucertain uset uof ufacts, uthe ucourt uwill uapply uthat uprincipal uto uall ufuture ucases uin
uwhich uthe ufacts uare usubstantially uthe usame
Precedent u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uA uquart uand ua ucommon ulaw ujurisdiction ugenerally uit's ubound uto
uadhere uto uits uown uprecede uand uto uthe uprecedent uestablished uby uhigher ucourts uin uthe usame
ujurisdiction. uBy urelying uon uprecedents, uthe ucourts uare uable uto uenforce uthe ulaws uin ua uuniform,
upredictable, uand uimpartial umanner
A ucourt umay udepart ufrom ua uprecedent uwhen ufollowing uthe uprecedent uwould ucause uan uunjust
uresult
It uremains uin uforce uuntil u1. uA ucourt uoverturns uthe uprecedent uor u2. uThe ulegislature uand uask ua
ustatute uthat uchanges uthe ulegal uprinciple uthat uunderlines uthe uprecedent
Civil uLaw uSystem u- uCorrect u uAnswer u- uA usystem uof ulaw uderived ufrom uRoman ulaw uthat uis ubased
uon ucodified ulaws u(rather uthan uon ucase uprecedents).
A ucode uis ua ucomprehensive uwritten ustatement uof urules uthat uembody uthe ugeneral uprinciples uof
ulaw uin ua ugiven ucivil ulaw ujurisdiction.
