Global Conservation Exam 1 Questions
And Answers
externalized costs - CORRECT ANSWER-costs associated with the production of a
good or service that are not borne by the producers
planned obsolescence - CORRECT ANSWER-producing consumer goods that rapidly
become obsolete so that it requires replacing
perceived obsolescence - CORRECT ANSWER-customer is convinced that he/she
needs an updated product even when the existing one is working fine
Harmonious Nature Myth - CORRECT ANSWER-belief in many cultures that in the "old
days" people lived in harmony with nature
Gifford Pinchot - CORRECT ANSWER--rampant forest exploitation
-head of the U.S. Forest Servic under Roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to
make use of natural resources while conserving them
-utilitarian and anthropocentric
Aldo Leopold - CORRECT ANSWER--land ethic
-ecocentric/holistic: ethics regarding land, emphasized biodiversity and ecology and was
a founder of the science of wildlife management
Marjory Stoneman Douglas - CORRECT ANSWER--wrote the environmental classic:
"The Everglades: River of Grass" in 1947
-founded Friends of the Everglades
environmental justice - CORRECT ANSWER-involves the fair and equitable treatment
of all people with respect to environmental policy and practice, regardless of their
income, race, or ethnicity
Great Sparrow/Four Pests Campaign - CORRECT ANSWER--great sparrow is a part of
the four pests (sparrows, rats, mosquitoes, and flies)
-China
-hygiene campaign aimed at eradicating pests
-also included mass deforestation
Minimata disease - CORRECT ANSWER--neurological syndrome caused by severe
mercury poisoning
-cause by the release of methylmercury in the industrial wastewater from the Chisso
corporation
, Donora, PA - CORRECT ANSWER--20 dead, 6,000 sickened
-sulfur dioxide and fluorine gas emission from steel and zinc plants formed a smog
-led to first US conference on air pollution
Cleveland, Ohio - CORRECT ANSWER--Cuyahoga River was polluted with oil and
industrial waste
-caught fire multiple times
-residents urged government
Love Canal - CORRECT ANSWER-A neighborhood in Niagara Falls, New York, which
became the subject of national and international attention, controversy, and eventual
environmental notoriety following the discovery of 21,000 tons of toxic waste buried
beneath the neighborhood.
Chipko Andolan - CORRECT ANSWER--originated in the Himalayan region of
Uttarakhand in 1972 and quickly spread through the Indian Himalayas
-nonviolent women's movement
-Treehugger
1949 United Nations Scientific Conference on the Conservation and Utilization of
Resources - CORRECT ANSWER--Long Island, New York
-706 experts from 48 countries
-discussed concerns about the improvident use of the world's natural resources
1972 Conference on Human Environment - CORRECT ANSWER--Stockhold
-first global recognition that the environment was endangered
-issues related to development
-United Nation Environment Programme formed
-Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact nations boycotted the conference due to lack of
inclusion of East Germany
1992 Earth Summit - CORRECT ANSWER--Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
-gathering momentum on environmental issues
-largest gathering of leaders to consider the environment
-Agenda 21 was set out as a blueprint for the 21st century
-United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC)
2002 Johannesburg - CORRECT ANSWER--south africa
-World Summit on Sustainable development
-follow up to Rio, discussed sustainable development
ecosystem services and examples - CORRECT ANSWER--arise from the normal
functioning of natural services and allow us to survive
-wind and animal pollination
-weathering rock
And Answers
externalized costs - CORRECT ANSWER-costs associated with the production of a
good or service that are not borne by the producers
planned obsolescence - CORRECT ANSWER-producing consumer goods that rapidly
become obsolete so that it requires replacing
perceived obsolescence - CORRECT ANSWER-customer is convinced that he/she
needs an updated product even when the existing one is working fine
Harmonious Nature Myth - CORRECT ANSWER-belief in many cultures that in the "old
days" people lived in harmony with nature
Gifford Pinchot - CORRECT ANSWER--rampant forest exploitation
-head of the U.S. Forest Servic under Roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to
make use of natural resources while conserving them
-utilitarian and anthropocentric
Aldo Leopold - CORRECT ANSWER--land ethic
-ecocentric/holistic: ethics regarding land, emphasized biodiversity and ecology and was
a founder of the science of wildlife management
Marjory Stoneman Douglas - CORRECT ANSWER--wrote the environmental classic:
"The Everglades: River of Grass" in 1947
-founded Friends of the Everglades
environmental justice - CORRECT ANSWER-involves the fair and equitable treatment
of all people with respect to environmental policy and practice, regardless of their
income, race, or ethnicity
Great Sparrow/Four Pests Campaign - CORRECT ANSWER--great sparrow is a part of
the four pests (sparrows, rats, mosquitoes, and flies)
-China
-hygiene campaign aimed at eradicating pests
-also included mass deforestation
Minimata disease - CORRECT ANSWER--neurological syndrome caused by severe
mercury poisoning
-cause by the release of methylmercury in the industrial wastewater from the Chisso
corporation
, Donora, PA - CORRECT ANSWER--20 dead, 6,000 sickened
-sulfur dioxide and fluorine gas emission from steel and zinc plants formed a smog
-led to first US conference on air pollution
Cleveland, Ohio - CORRECT ANSWER--Cuyahoga River was polluted with oil and
industrial waste
-caught fire multiple times
-residents urged government
Love Canal - CORRECT ANSWER-A neighborhood in Niagara Falls, New York, which
became the subject of national and international attention, controversy, and eventual
environmental notoriety following the discovery of 21,000 tons of toxic waste buried
beneath the neighborhood.
Chipko Andolan - CORRECT ANSWER--originated in the Himalayan region of
Uttarakhand in 1972 and quickly spread through the Indian Himalayas
-nonviolent women's movement
-Treehugger
1949 United Nations Scientific Conference on the Conservation and Utilization of
Resources - CORRECT ANSWER--Long Island, New York
-706 experts from 48 countries
-discussed concerns about the improvident use of the world's natural resources
1972 Conference on Human Environment - CORRECT ANSWER--Stockhold
-first global recognition that the environment was endangered
-issues related to development
-United Nation Environment Programme formed
-Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact nations boycotted the conference due to lack of
inclusion of East Germany
1992 Earth Summit - CORRECT ANSWER--Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
-gathering momentum on environmental issues
-largest gathering of leaders to consider the environment
-Agenda 21 was set out as a blueprint for the 21st century
-United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC)
2002 Johannesburg - CORRECT ANSWER--south africa
-World Summit on Sustainable development
-follow up to Rio, discussed sustainable development
ecosystem services and examples - CORRECT ANSWER--arise from the normal
functioning of natural services and allow us to survive
-wind and animal pollination
-weathering rock
