ISTQB Foundation level exam

Error - answer-User made mistake in using the software, this may lead directly to a problem defect - answer-flaws in the software itself acceptance criteria - answer-The exit criteria that a component or system must satisfy in order to be accepted by a user, customer, or other authorized entity. acceptance testing - answer-Formal testing with respect to user needs, requirements, and business processes conducted to determine whether or not a system satisfies the acceptance criteria and to enable the user, customers or other authorized entity to determine whether or not to accept the system. accessibility testing - answer-Testing to determine the ease by which users with disabilities can use a component or system. accuracy - answer-The capability of the software product to provide the right or agreed results or effects with the needed degree of precision. accuracy testing - answer-The process of testing to determine the accuracy of a software product. See also accuracy. acting (IDEAL) - answer-The phase within the IDEAL model where the improvements are developed, put into practice, and deployed across the organization. The acting phase consists of the activities: create solution, pilot/test solution, refine solution and implement solution. actor - answer-User or any other person or system that interacts with the system under test in a specific way actual result - answer-The behavior produced/observed when a component or system is tested. ad hoc testing - answer-Testing carried out informally; no formal test preparation takes place, no recognized test design technique is used, there are no expectations for results and arbitrariness guides the test execution activity. adaptability - answer-The capability of the software product to be adapted for different specified environments without applying actions or means other than those provided for this purpose for the software considered. agile manifesto - answer-F-AT agile manifesto: A statement on the values that underpin agile software development. The values are: - individuals and interactions over processes and tools - working software over comprehensive documentation - customer collaboration over contract negotiation - responding to change over following a plan. agile software development: - answer-A group of software development methodologies based on EITP iterative incremental development, where requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration between self-organizing cross-functional teams. agile testing - answer-Testing practice for a project using agile software development methodologies, incorporating techniques and methods, such as extreme programming (XP), treating development as the customer of testing and emphasizing the test-first design paradigm. See also test-driven development. alpha testing - answer-simulated or actual operational testing by potential users/customers or an independent test team at the developers' site, but outside the development organization. Alpha testing is often employed for off-the-shelf software as a form of internal acceptance testing. analytical testing - answer-Testing based on a systematic analysis of e.g., product risks or requirements. analyzability - answer-The capability of the software product to be diagnosed for deficiencies or causes of failures in the software, or for the parts to be modified to be identified. anomaly - answer-Any condition that deviates from expectation based on requirements specifications, design documents, user documents, standards, etc. or from someone's perception or experience. Anomalies may be found during, but not limited to, reviewing, testing, analysis, compilation, or use of software products or applicable documentation. anti-pattern - answer-Repeated action, process, structure or reusable solution that initially appears to be beneficial and is commonly used but is ineffective and/or counterproductive in practice. API - answer-Acronym for Application Programming Interface. API testing - answer-Testing performed by submitting commands to the software under test using programming interfaces of the application directly. assessment report - answer-A document summarizing the assessment results, e.g. conclusions, recommendations and findings. See also process assessment. assessor - answer-A person who conducts an assessment; any member of an assessment team. atomic condition - answer-A condition that cannot be decomposed, i.e., a condition that does not contain two or more single conditions joined by a logical operator (AND, OR, XOR attack - answer-Directed and focused attempt to evaluate the quality, especially reliability, of a test object by attempting to force specific failures to occur. attack-based testing - answer-An experience-based testing technique that uses software attacks to induce failures, particularly security related failures. attractiveness - answer-The capability of the software product to be attractive to the user. audit - answer-n independent evaluation of software products or processes to ascertain compliance to standards, guidelines, specifications, and/or procedures based on objective criteria, including documents that specify: (1) the form or content of the products to be produced (2) the process by which the products shall be produced (3) how compliance to standards or guidelines shall be measured. audit trail - answer-A path by which the original input to a process (e.g. data) can be traced back through the process, taking the process output as a starting point. This facilitates defect analysis and allows a process audit to be carried out. automated testware - answer-Testware used in automated testing, such as tool scripts availability - answer-The degree to which a component or system is operational and accessible when required for use. Often expressed as a percentage. back-to-back testing - answer-Testing in which two or more variants of a component or system are executed with the same inputs, the outputs compared, and analyzed in cases of discrepancies. balanced scorecard - answer-A strategic tool for measuring whether the operational activities of a company are aligned with its objectives in terms of business vision and strategy. See also corporate dashboard, scorecard. baseline - answer-A specification or software product that has been formally reviewed or agreed upon, that thereafter serves as the basis for further development, and that can be changed only through a formal change control process. basic block - answer-A sequence of one or more consecutive executable statements containing no branches. Note: A node in a control flow graph represents a basic block. basis test set - answer-A set of test cases derived from the internal structure of a component or specification to ensure that 100% of a specified coverage criterion will be achieved. behavior - answer-The response of a component or system to a set of input values and preconditions. benchmark test - answer-A standard against which measurements or comparisons can be made. (2) A test that is be used to compare components or systems to each other or to a standard as in bespoke software - answer-Software developed specifically for a set of users or customers. The opposite is off-the-shelf software best practice - answer-A superior method or innovative practice that contributes to the improved performance of an organization under given context, usually recognized as 'best' by other peer organizations. beta testing - answer-Operational testing by potential and/or existing users/customers at an external site not otherwise involved with the developers, to determine whether or not a component or system satisfies the user/customer needs and fits within the business processes. Beta testing is often employed as a form of external acceptance testing for off-the-shelf software in order to acquire feedback from the market. big-bang testing - answer-An integration testing approach in which software elements, hardware elements, or both are combined all at once into a component or an overall system, rather than in stages. black box test design technique - answer-Procedure to derive and/or select test cases based on an analysis of the specification, either functional or non-functional, of a component or system without reference to its internal structure. black box testing - answer-Testing, either functional or non-functional, without reference to the internal structure of the component or system. blocked test case - answer-A test case that cannot be executed because the preconditions for its execution are not fulfilled. bottom-up testing - answer-An incremental approach to integration testing where the lowest level components are tested first, and then used to facilitate the testing of higher level components. This process is repeated until the component at the top of the hierarchy is tested. boundary