NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Exam 2: Guaranteed
A Plus: Questions & Answers
What are the three function of the kidneys
(Ans- excretion, elimination, regulation
Explain what excretion is?
(Ans- removal of organic waste products from body fluids
Explain what elimination is?
(Ans- discharge of the waste products from the body
Explain what regulation is?
(Ans- regulating blood volume, ion concentration, blood pH and nutrients
What are signs and symptoms indicating one may have a renal disorder?
(Ans- pain in the back flank area that is felt at the CVA angle on
percussion, tenderness, abnormal urinalysis findings
What types of things are abnormal regarding urinalysis?
(Ans- dark, strong smelling urine, bacteria in the urine, cloudy urine,
ketones or glucose or proteins in the urine, blood in the urine (except
during menses)
What is polycystic kidney disease?
(Ans- an inherited condition of the kidney resulting in one having fluid filled
cysts on one or both kidneys. if left untreated renal failure with need for
dialysis or kidney transplant occurring
What causes polycystic kidney disease?
(Ans- it is inherited genetically
,What are the types of polycystic kidney disease?
(Ans- autosomal recessive and dominant
What is a nephron(s)?
(Ans- they are in the kidney and helps to filter blood and remove waste
products
How many nephrons do the kidneys have?
(Ans- 1-2 million
What is hematuria?
(Ans- blood found in the urine not due to menstruation
What is proteinuria?
(Ans- protein found in the urine
What does it mean when one has ketones in their urine?
(Ans- they have type 1 diabetes
What is nephrolithiasis?
(Ans- kidney stones that obstruct the ureters and kidneys that cause lots of
pained urinary stasis
What is another term for kidney stones?
(Ans- renal calculi
What are kidney stones made up of?
(Ans- calcium deposits and uric acid
What is pyelonephritis?
(Ans- infected and inflamed kidneys
What causes pyelonephritis?
(Ans- e.coli from the lower urinary tract that ascends
, What are the signs and symptoms of pyelonephritis?
(Ans- CVA tenderness most common, fever, chills, N/V, anorexia or not
willing to eat
What can we do the prevent pyelonephritis?
(Ans- remove catheters are early as possible to prevent UTIs and possible
spread
What are the signs and symptoms of post infectious acute
glomerulonephritis?
(Ans- Smoky or coffee colored urine, proteinuria, edema as they cannot
urinate, decreased output
What is the cause of post infectious acute glomerulonephritis?
(Ans- type b hemolytic strep; follows impetigo and strep throat
What age group is most affected by post infectious acute
glomerulonephritis?
(Ans- children in developing countries
What are the signs and symptoms of acute kidney injury?
(Ans-
Sudden reduction in kidney function, decreased urine output, although
occasionally urine output remains normal
Fluid retention, causing swelling in your legs, ankles or feet
Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Confusion
Nausea
Weakness
Irregular heartbeat
Chest pain or pressure
Seizures or coma in severe cases
A Plus: Questions & Answers
What are the three function of the kidneys
(Ans- excretion, elimination, regulation
Explain what excretion is?
(Ans- removal of organic waste products from body fluids
Explain what elimination is?
(Ans- discharge of the waste products from the body
Explain what regulation is?
(Ans- regulating blood volume, ion concentration, blood pH and nutrients
What are signs and symptoms indicating one may have a renal disorder?
(Ans- pain in the back flank area that is felt at the CVA angle on
percussion, tenderness, abnormal urinalysis findings
What types of things are abnormal regarding urinalysis?
(Ans- dark, strong smelling urine, bacteria in the urine, cloudy urine,
ketones or glucose or proteins in the urine, blood in the urine (except
during menses)
What is polycystic kidney disease?
(Ans- an inherited condition of the kidney resulting in one having fluid filled
cysts on one or both kidneys. if left untreated renal failure with need for
dialysis or kidney transplant occurring
What causes polycystic kidney disease?
(Ans- it is inherited genetically
,What are the types of polycystic kidney disease?
(Ans- autosomal recessive and dominant
What is a nephron(s)?
(Ans- they are in the kidney and helps to filter blood and remove waste
products
How many nephrons do the kidneys have?
(Ans- 1-2 million
What is hematuria?
(Ans- blood found in the urine not due to menstruation
What is proteinuria?
(Ans- protein found in the urine
What does it mean when one has ketones in their urine?
(Ans- they have type 1 diabetes
What is nephrolithiasis?
(Ans- kidney stones that obstruct the ureters and kidneys that cause lots of
pained urinary stasis
What is another term for kidney stones?
(Ans- renal calculi
What are kidney stones made up of?
(Ans- calcium deposits and uric acid
What is pyelonephritis?
(Ans- infected and inflamed kidneys
What causes pyelonephritis?
(Ans- e.coli from the lower urinary tract that ascends
, What are the signs and symptoms of pyelonephritis?
(Ans- CVA tenderness most common, fever, chills, N/V, anorexia or not
willing to eat
What can we do the prevent pyelonephritis?
(Ans- remove catheters are early as possible to prevent UTIs and possible
spread
What are the signs and symptoms of post infectious acute
glomerulonephritis?
(Ans- Smoky or coffee colored urine, proteinuria, edema as they cannot
urinate, decreased output
What is the cause of post infectious acute glomerulonephritis?
(Ans- type b hemolytic strep; follows impetigo and strep throat
What age group is most affected by post infectious acute
glomerulonephritis?
(Ans- children in developing countries
What are the signs and symptoms of acute kidney injury?
(Ans-
Sudden reduction in kidney function, decreased urine output, although
occasionally urine output remains normal
Fluid retention, causing swelling in your legs, ankles or feet
Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Confusion
Nausea
Weakness
Irregular heartbeat
Chest pain or pressure
Seizures or coma in severe cases
