Summary OAT booster bio Ch. 1 Cheat Sheet pt 2

OAT booster bio Ch. 1 Cheat Sheet pt 2
Cellular respiration - oxidize glucose via electron carriers to deposit their electrons
in the electron transport chain, fueling chemiosmosis to generate chemical energy
for the cell in the form of ATP (exergonic)



1st step of cellular respiration - 1. Glycolysis

-nets 2 ATP and 2 pyruvate



--> substrate level phosphorylation

-ATP generated via direct transfer of a phosphate from another molecule



(glucose 6C -hexokinase-> glucose-6-phosphate 6C -phosphohexose isomerase->
fructose-6-phosphate 6C -phosphofructokinase-> fructose-1,6,biphosphate 6C)



hexokinase - the first "committed" step of glycolysis, transforms glucose to
glucose-6-phosphate, consuming 1 ATP

-phosphorylating glucose is irreversible and precents it from leaving the cell



phosphofructokinase (PFK) - adds second phosphate, committing molecule to
glycolysis

, OAT booster bio Ch. 1 Cheat Sheet pt 2
aerobic process - aerobic process: oxygen required as final electron acceptor



overall reaction: C6H12O6 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP



pyruvate decarboxylation + citric acid cycle (CAC)/Krebs Cycle (aerobic respiration)
- pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) transforms pyruvate into acetyl-COA,
which then gets shuttled into the mitochondrial matrix



-overall, in the CAC, pyruvate gets transformed into acetyl-CoA which is used to
regenerate oxaloacetate, allowing the cycle to produce CO2, ATP, FADH2, and
NADH



Electron Transport Chain (ETC) - oxidative phosphorylation - electrons passed from
electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) to other carrier proteins in the inner
mitochondrial membrane which generates a H+ gradient, providing ATP synthase
energy via the proton motive force to produce ATP



-oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the ETC, which combines with H+ to form
H2O



- NADH and FADH2 are oxidized by the ETC