Cognitive Psychology Exam 2 Questions and Answers Latest Update .

Cognitive Psychology Exam 2 Questions and Answers Latest Update . Information is held in for 20 to 30 seconds - Answer: Short term memory A subject was told to study the following words: book, chair, calendar, alarm, phone, lamp, pencil, and desk. Later he recalled book, chair pencil, and desk. This result is best explained as - Answer: The serial position effect The primacy and recency effects in memory - Answer: are used to argue for the existence of at least two types of memory The icon is said to be characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: - Answer: it lasts about 20 second The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two' refers to - Answer: the capacity of short-term memory Waugh and Norman's Short-term Memory (STM) study separated the effects of decay from the effects of interference by independently manipulating - Answer: The number of intervening digits independently of the amount of time that elapsed between the digits Proactive interference refers to the fact that - Answer: a perviously learned material can disrupt the learning of new material Currently, cognitive psychologists are more likely to believe that - Answer: forgetting in STM is due more to interference than to decay The recency effect found in a serial position curve can be eliminated if - Answer: subjects perform another task for 30 seconds, suggesting that the recency effect is caused by retrieval from STM The central executive in working memory is hypothesized to have the function of - Answer: Directing the flow of information Which of the following is NOT a component of Baddeley's working memory model? - Answer: The icon The main distinction between "short-term memory" and "working memory" hinges on: - Answer: the emphasis on static structure vs. active processing Waugh and Norman found that the probability of recalling the test digit was determined by - Answer: the number of interfering items, supporting an interference theory Release from proactive interference shows that recall can be improved by - Answer: Shifting to a new class of words Pausing in the letter string FBITWACIAIBM to form familiar groups allows people to take advantage of - Answer: chunking Baddeley revised his working memory model by adding an Episodic Buffer to account for - Answer: the integration of visual and verbal codes Conrad's (1964) study demonstrated that visually presented letters are represented as in STM - Answer: acoustic codes Words at the beginning of a list are remembered better than words in the middle of the list; this phenomenon is referred to as the - Answer: primacy effect The part of Baddeley's working memory that processes verbal material is called - Answer: The phonological loop According to the approach to memory, information is received, processed, and stored differently by different memory systems - Answer: Modal