Contrast the goals of scientific management with other progressive reforms. - Answer-
The goals of scientific management were to improve the efficiency of industry. The
research studies yielded information about how to increase production, speed up the
manufacturing process, and minimize lost time and resources. The advancement of the
assembly line, industrial training, reduced working hours, and incentive pay increased
the efficiency of factories. The drive for industrial efficiency inspired the reforms in
government efficiency.
/.Describe how Roosevelt both succeeded and failed to further the cause of civil rights?
- Answer-a. Roosevelt did support individual African Americans, though not the larger
civil rights
movement.
b. Successes - He appointed an African America as the head of the customhouse in
Charleston, SC. He supported an African American postmistress in Mississippi.
Roosevelt invited Booker T. Washington to dinner at the White House.
c. Failures - He supported segregation by not seeking to end the practice and he
frequently blamed black poverty on blacks and urged them to accept discrimination and
segregation for the time being.
/.How did America's entry into WWI affect the reform movement? - Answer-The
outbreak of WW1 turned the attention the American people and resources of the federal
government to emergency wartime measures and Progressivism essentially ended.
/.How did city government change during the progressive era? - Answer-In general,
cities became more aware of corruption and mismanagement and used various
strategies to reform and become more responsible for and responsive to their citizens.
/.How did natural disasters help launch the movement to reform local government? -
Answer-Natural disasters put local politicians on the spot to provide immediate relief
and recovery. Unqualified and/or corrupt politicians often failed at both and the disaster
served to highlight their lack of ability. The disaster also gave citizens and reformers the
forum to enact major changes in government structures (such as: five-member city
commissions or council-manager systems).
/.How did prohibition fit into the goals of the progressive reform movement? - Answer-
Promoting moral improvement
/.How did reform mayors clean up their local governments? - Answer-a. Hazen Pingree
(Detroit, Michigan) instituted a fairer tax structure, lowered fares for public
transit, rooted out corruption, and set up a system of work relief for the unemployed. He
also employed city workers to build schools, parks, and a city lighting plant.
, b. Tom Johnson (Cleveland, Ohio) - one of 19 socialist mayors - forced corrupt business
leaders out of the city (gasworks, waterworks, transit lines) and converted the utilities to
publicly owned companies. He encouraged his citizens to take a more active role in
government by holding large and well-publicized town meetings.
/.How did reforms change working conditions? - Answer-a. Muller v. Oregon and
Bunting v. Oregon upheld state laws limiting women and men respectively
to 10-hour workdays.
b. Progressive reformers also won workers' compensation and death benefits.
/.How did reforms protect children? - Answer-a. As a result of the investigations and
public demonstrations and exhibitions of the National Child Labor Committee, Congress
passed the Keating-Owen Act that prohibited the transportation across state lines of
goods produced with child labor. (The Supreme Court found the law unconstitutional
two years later.)
b. Reformers did manage to pass laws to effectively ban child labor and set maximum
working hours.
/.How did Roosevelt create the first modern presidency? - Answer-Roosevelt was a
celebrity and managed and manipulated the spotlight masterfully. He
employed his personal charisma to influence politics. He defined the federal
government as being responsible for the physical and mental welfare of its citizens. He
also believed that it was the job of a powerful federal government to step in whenever
state governments could not or failed to address the needs and concerns of citizens. He
expanded the role of president from manager to innovator and leader who influenced
media and legislation; he called this role the bully pulpit.
/.How did Roosevelt's intervention in a coal strike set a precedent for federal arbitration?
- Answer-a. Roosevelt called representatives from the management and workers of the
mine to the White House so that he could broker a compromise. He did this because the
work stoppage threatened the economic security of the nation (coal reserves were
running dangerously low). He was able to convince both sides to agree to resolve their
differences at an arbitration hearing.
b. Roosevelt set the precedent for the federal government, especially the President, to
intervene whenever a labor dispute threatened public welfare.
/.How did Susan B. Anthony help the cause of women? - Answer-She was a leader in
the fight for women's suffrage. Anthony co-founded the National Women
Suffrage Association (NWSA) with Elizabeth Cady Stanton. They merged their group
with the
National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) in 1890.
/.How did Taft get selected to run for president? - Answer-Taft was Roosevelt's
Secretary of War and was selected by Roosevelt to run in the 1908 election.
The goals of scientific management were to improve the efficiency of industry. The
research studies yielded information about how to increase production, speed up the
manufacturing process, and minimize lost time and resources. The advancement of the
assembly line, industrial training, reduced working hours, and incentive pay increased
the efficiency of factories. The drive for industrial efficiency inspired the reforms in
government efficiency.
/.Describe how Roosevelt both succeeded and failed to further the cause of civil rights?
- Answer-a. Roosevelt did support individual African Americans, though not the larger
civil rights
movement.
b. Successes - He appointed an African America as the head of the customhouse in
Charleston, SC. He supported an African American postmistress in Mississippi.
Roosevelt invited Booker T. Washington to dinner at the White House.
c. Failures - He supported segregation by not seeking to end the practice and he
frequently blamed black poverty on blacks and urged them to accept discrimination and
segregation for the time being.
/.How did America's entry into WWI affect the reform movement? - Answer-The
outbreak of WW1 turned the attention the American people and resources of the federal
government to emergency wartime measures and Progressivism essentially ended.
/.How did city government change during the progressive era? - Answer-In general,
cities became more aware of corruption and mismanagement and used various
strategies to reform and become more responsible for and responsive to their citizens.
/.How did natural disasters help launch the movement to reform local government? -
Answer-Natural disasters put local politicians on the spot to provide immediate relief
and recovery. Unqualified and/or corrupt politicians often failed at both and the disaster
served to highlight their lack of ability. The disaster also gave citizens and reformers the
forum to enact major changes in government structures (such as: five-member city
commissions or council-manager systems).
/.How did prohibition fit into the goals of the progressive reform movement? - Answer-
Promoting moral improvement
/.How did reform mayors clean up their local governments? - Answer-a. Hazen Pingree
(Detroit, Michigan) instituted a fairer tax structure, lowered fares for public
transit, rooted out corruption, and set up a system of work relief for the unemployed. He
also employed city workers to build schools, parks, and a city lighting plant.
, b. Tom Johnson (Cleveland, Ohio) - one of 19 socialist mayors - forced corrupt business
leaders out of the city (gasworks, waterworks, transit lines) and converted the utilities to
publicly owned companies. He encouraged his citizens to take a more active role in
government by holding large and well-publicized town meetings.
/.How did reforms change working conditions? - Answer-a. Muller v. Oregon and
Bunting v. Oregon upheld state laws limiting women and men respectively
to 10-hour workdays.
b. Progressive reformers also won workers' compensation and death benefits.
/.How did reforms protect children? - Answer-a. As a result of the investigations and
public demonstrations and exhibitions of the National Child Labor Committee, Congress
passed the Keating-Owen Act that prohibited the transportation across state lines of
goods produced with child labor. (The Supreme Court found the law unconstitutional
two years later.)
b. Reformers did manage to pass laws to effectively ban child labor and set maximum
working hours.
/.How did Roosevelt create the first modern presidency? - Answer-Roosevelt was a
celebrity and managed and manipulated the spotlight masterfully. He
employed his personal charisma to influence politics. He defined the federal
government as being responsible for the physical and mental welfare of its citizens. He
also believed that it was the job of a powerful federal government to step in whenever
state governments could not or failed to address the needs and concerns of citizens. He
expanded the role of president from manager to innovator and leader who influenced
media and legislation; he called this role the bully pulpit.
/.How did Roosevelt's intervention in a coal strike set a precedent for federal arbitration?
- Answer-a. Roosevelt called representatives from the management and workers of the
mine to the White House so that he could broker a compromise. He did this because the
work stoppage threatened the economic security of the nation (coal reserves were
running dangerously low). He was able to convince both sides to agree to resolve their
differences at an arbitration hearing.
b. Roosevelt set the precedent for the federal government, especially the President, to
intervene whenever a labor dispute threatened public welfare.
/.How did Susan B. Anthony help the cause of women? - Answer-She was a leader in
the fight for women's suffrage. Anthony co-founded the National Women
Suffrage Association (NWSA) with Elizabeth Cady Stanton. They merged their group
with the
National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) in 1890.
/.How did Taft get selected to run for president? - Answer-Taft was Roosevelt's
Secretary of War and was selected by Roosevelt to run in the 1908 election.
