Nutrition D440 OA Complete Exam Bank Fall 2024.

Nutrition D440 OA Complete Exam Bank Fall 2024. _____ _____ _____ (TPN) is administratyion of liquid nutrients intravenously to people who cannot use their digestive systems at all. _____ _____ is a illness caused by immune reaction to eating gluten. _____ _____ is delivery through a tube into the stomach or the GI _____ _____ is nutritional feeding through the vein (IV). _____ _____ is used when the gastrointestinal tract is functional but oral intake is not meeting estimated nutrient needs. It is also used for clients with swallowing problems, burns, major trauma, liver or other organ failure or severe malnutrition. - _____ - calcium diets are indicated for bone growth and in adulthood to prevent osteoporosis, and to facilitate vascular contraction, vasodilation, muscle contraction and nerve transmission. _____ - calorie, _____ - protein diets are indicated for patients with severe stress, burns, wound healing, cancer, HIV, AIDS, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory failure or any other type of debilitating disease. *Calorie counts assist in determining the client's total nutritional intake and can identify a deficit or excess intake. _____ - consistent diets are for patients with diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia and obesity. It focuses on maintaining a consistent amount of carbohydrates, fat and protein intake each day and with each meal; it is also known as "carb counting". _____ - fiber (low-residue) diets are used for inflammatory bowel disease, partial obstructions of the intestinal tract, gastroenteritis, diarrhea or other gastrointestinal disorders. _____ - fiber high-residue) diets are used for constipation/irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) when the primary system is alternating constipation and diarrhea, and asymptomatic diverticular disease. _____ - free diets are a treatment for patients with celiac disease and gluten sensitivity for clients needing the protein fraction "gluten" eliminated from their diets. _____ - potassium diets are indicated for hyperkalemia (high potassium in the blood). _____ - potassium diets are indicated for hypokalemia (lower than normal potassium level in your bloodstream). _____ - purine diets are indicated for gout, kidney stones and elevated uric acid levels. _____ - restricted diets are indicated for hypertension, heart failure, renal disease, cardiac disease and liver disease. _____ - restricted diets are indicated for patients with renal disease and end-stage liver disease. _____ - restricted diets are used to reduce symptoms of abdominal pain, steatorrhea, flatulence and diarrhea associated with high intakes of dietary fat and to decrease nutrient losses caused by ingestion of dietary fat in individuals with malabsorption disorders. _____ are swollen and inflamed veins in the rectum and anus that cause discomfort and bleeding. _____ decreases absorption of iron. Avoid milk and antacids (medicines that counteract (neutralise) the acid in your stomach to relieve indigestion and heartburn). _____ diets are indicated for atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, myocardial infarction, nephrotic syndrome and renal failure. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (D.A.S.H) diet: recommended to prevent and control hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and obesity. _____ diets are indicated for patients with acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease and for those requiring hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. _____ helps with wound healing and is found in poultry, meats, tofu, tuna/salmon, eggs, nuts, legumes and dairy. _____ is a condition in which bones become weak and brittle. _____ is a group of diabetes that result in too much sugar in the blood (high blood glucose). _____ is a marker for malnutrition, kidney or liver disease. _____ is found in bananas, potatoes, soy beans (raw or roasted), avocados, oranges, bananas, dried beans, milk, yogurt and salmon. _____ is found in cheese, leafy green vegetables, soy milk, tofu, almonds, milk, yogurt and salmon. _____ is found in chocolate, beer, wine, aged cheese, aged meats and soy. - _____ is found in cocoa, legumes, oats, nuts, whole grain, tuna, chocolate, green leafy vegetables. _____ is found in olives, deli meat, condiments, cheese, processed foods, canned food and vegetable juice. _____ is inflammation of the gallbladder. _____ is inflammation of the lining of the stomach. _____ is inflammation of the oral mucuos lining of the mouth. _____ is inflammation or infection of one or more small pouches in the digestive tract. _____ is the production of too much thyroxine hormone. _____ with a UTI need to drink sugar-free cranberry juice. ______ _____ is a condition in which the kidneys stop working and are not able to remove waste and extra water from the blood or keep chemicals in balance. - 1 cup = _____ oz 1 cup = _____ mL 1 glass = _____ oz 1 oz = _____ mL A _____ _____ diet consists of clear and full liquid and pureed, with addition of all cream soups, grounded or finely diced meats, flaked fish, cottage cheese, rice, potatoes, pancakes, light breads, cooked vegetables, cooked or canned fruits, bananas, soups, peanut butter, and eggs (not fried). A _____ _____ diet consists of limited nutrients, only used for a short period of time and CLEAR juices that do NOT contain pulp Examples are apple juice, cranberry juice, gelatin, popsicles and other clear broths. A _____ _____ diet consists of: - decrease in saturated fats - increase in fiber A _____ _____ diet consists of: - fluid restriction - low sodium - low protein - low potassium - high calcium A _____ _____ diet consists of: - fluid restriction (spread fluids out throughout the day & suck on hard candy to decrease thirst) - decrease sodium - decrease fat - decrease cholesterol A _____ _____ diet consists of: - gluten free - no BROW (barley, rye, oatmeal and wheat) - no OATMEAL - avoid ice cream, malted milk, prepared puddings, grains that are made with BROW such as bread rolls, cookies, cakes, crackers, cereal, spaghetti noodles, oatmeal, beer and ale A _____ _____ diet is for patients with gastrointestinal (GI) problems before (preoperatively) and after (postoperatively) surgery and before some diagnostic tests. A _____ _____ diet is used for patients who have difficulty chewing effectively dentures or no teeth. A _____ ______ _____ (UTI) diet consists of: - cranberries, blueberries, raspberries and other berries - probiotics (yogurt) - avoid foods and drinks that cause bladder irritation such as coffee, tea, soft drinks, chocolate and smoking A _____ ______ diet consists of juices (including those that contain pulp, milk or milk products, yogurt, strained cream soups and liquid dietary supplements. - A _____ ______ diet is used to advance a patient with gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances, after having dental work performed, and for those patients who cannot tolerate solid food. A _____ - _____ diet allows for dairy & eggs. Meat CANNOT be consumed. - A _____ (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet aims to lower BP (blood pressure) and LDL (low-density lipoprotein, bad cholesterol). A _____ (NG) tube is a special tube that carries food through the nose, down the throat and directly into the stomach. A _____ diet consists of 4-6 servings of fruits and vegetables. A _____ diet consists of food that is placed into a blender and made into a pulp-like mixture. The addition of raw eggs, nuts, and seeds should be avoided. - A _____ diet consists of: - eat foods high in B-vitamins and calcium such as almonds, beans, whole grains (if no allergy) dark leafy greens (spinach and kale) and sea vegetables - avoid refined foods, such as white breads, pastas and especially sugar - use healthy oils in foods such as olive oil or vegetable oil A _____ diet consists of: - fluid restriction - sodium restriction - decrease protein - increase carbohydrates (carbohydrates provide energy and stop the breakdown of proteins) A _____ diet consists of: - high calcium - high vitamin D A _____ diet consists of: - high fiber - no nuts or seeds A _____ diet consists of: - high protein - high calories - LOW FIBER *low iodine = non-iodized salts A _____ diet consists of: - increase fiber - increase fluid intake A _____ diet consists of: - low carbohydrates - low sugar - counting carbohydrates A _____ diet consists of: - low fat - high fiber - high protein - high carbohydrates - avoid gassy foods like broccoli A _____ diet consists of: - low sodium - low fat - low sugar - high calcium - high potassium - high fiber A _____ diet consists of: - soft & easy to eat foods - eat food at room temperature - high protein and calories - avoid alcohol and spicy foods A _____ diet EXCLUDES all animal products. However, SOYBEAN is a popular plant-based protein in vegetarian and vegan communities. A _____ diet is used for patients who cannot safely chew or swallow solid food. - A _____ preventative diet consists of: - high protein and soft diet - limit salty foods and salt-preserved foods, limit consumption of energy-dense foods, particularly processed foods that are high in added sugar, low in fiber or high in fat - avoid fried foods A _____ vegetarian diet allows for dairy/dairy products. Meat CANNOT be consumed. A patient has hypertension. The nurse should provide a D.A.S.H diet that contains ____ - _____ servings of fruits and vegetables. A patient not eating/consuming enough protein may develop _____. Edema is swelling caused by too much fluid trapped in the body's tissues. A patient on a paleo diet (includes fruits, vegetables, lean meats, fish, eggs, nuts and seeds) is deficient in _____. A patient wants to go to a farmer's market but asks the nurse about the type of milk/milk product. The patient should avoid _____ milk because it is unsafe to drink. A patient who has issues swallowing (dysphagia) will always be the most at risk for _____ _____. A patient who is _____ would need more water as they are at risk for dehydration. A patient who lost their dentures would be on a ______ _____. A patient with celiac disease wants to eat foods that contain gluten. They should NOT eat gluten foods like _____. A patient with coronary disease does not want to make dietary changes. The nurse should _____ the facts. A patient with migraine headaches should decrease tyramine foods such as _____ _____. A patient with photosensitivity should consume Vitamin _____ food likes milk, eggs or fatty fish. A question asked about the LVN taking waist measurements. The nurse can _____ the results obtained by the LVN and provide teaching and referral. A s/s of Vitamin C deficiency is _____. Smoking, poor nutrition and alcohol abuse can increase the risk. Add Vitamin C to enhance iron _____. All Vitamin Bs and Vitamin C are _____ - soluble micronutrients. An _____ is used to verify placement on the initial insertion of a nasogastric (NG) tube. - An athlete/athletic patient complains about leg cramps due to _____ _____. A nurse should offer them high calcium foods such as broccoli and cheese. Avocados, bananas, potatoes spinach, beans, citrus juices and fish are ______ foods. Before bolus feeding, the nurse should verify bowel sounds and position the patient in Fowler's position (standard patient position in which the patient is seated in a semi-sitting position and may have knees either bent or straight) on the right side to prevent _____. - Before discontinuing total parenteral nutrition (TPN), the nurse should gradually _____ before disconnecting to avoid hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). - Before feeding through a nasogastric (NG) tube the first thing the nurse should do is _____ the placement. Before removing the nasogastric (NG) tube, the nurse should have the patient take a _____ _____ and hold it. Carbohydrates have _____ kilocalories per gram. Citrus foods, tomatoes, green leafy vegetables contain Vitamin _____. - Dark leafy greens, avocados, bananas, nuts, seeds, cold-water fatty fish, whole grains and legumes are _____ foods. During TPN, _____ is monitored. Egg yolk, shellfish, organ meat, red meats and fried foods are HIGH in _____. - Egg, milk, cheese, meat, poultry, fish and soy are _____ proteins. Emesis means to _____. Fat has _____ kilocalories per gram. Females of child bearing age should take _____ of folic acid per day, and increase to _____ while pregnant. Folic acid is found in _____. For tube feeding a bag should be changed every _____ hours for open bags and _____ - _____ for closed bags. This prevents bacteria from growing. Glomerulonephritis is caused by untreated _____ _____. *Glomerulonephritis is inflammation and damage to the filtering part of the kidneys (glomerulus). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) means _____ cholesterol. Hypercalcemia means _____ calcium. Hyperkalemia means _____ potassium. Hypernatremia means _____ sodium. Hypocalcemia means ____ calcium. Hypokalemia means _____ potassium. Hyponatremia means _____ sodium. In TPN, _____ % of dextrose is utilized when waiting for the next bag. Intake (I) - Output (O) _____ _____. List the correct order of diets (ranging from a patient who does not have the ability to chew at all to someone that can): Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) means _____ cholesterol. Normal intake of _____ is 10-35% of calories. Normal intake of _____ is 20-35. Normal intake of _____ is 25-28. Normal intake of _____ is 45-65%. Nutrient dense foods contain lots of _____ and _____ relative to the number of calories. Pallor (loss of color from normal skin tone), weakness & fatigue, shortness of breath and tachycardia (fast heart rate) are s/s of _____ _____. - Protein has _____ kilocalories per gram. S/s of _____ are bleeding gums, poor wound healing, tissue bleeding, joint bleeding and tooth loss. *think pirate* S/s of _____ are tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), tachypnea (rapid breathing), hypotension (low blood pressure), decreased urine output/urination, decreased skin turgor (takes longer for skin to retract/less elastic) and a dry mucous membrane (when the nose is dry, itchy and burns). S/s of Vitamin _____ deficiency are ataxia (impaired balance or coordination) and tremors. S/s of Vitamin _____ deficiency are joint pain, jaundice, pruritus (itching) and hair loss. Temperatures for feeding tubes should be at _____ temperature to avoid cramps. - The albumin level should be _____ - _____. The BMI for someone who is normal weight is _____ - _____. The BMI for someone who is obese is _____ or above. The BMI for someone who is overweight is _____ - _____. The BMI for someone who is underweight is _____ or below. The feeding rate for enteral nutrition should be increased slowly until the order rate is _____. The parents of a child who is prediabetic reports to the nurse that the child wants to join a soccer team. The nurse should implement/reassure the patients that physical activity _____ the risk of diabetes. To measure placement for a _____ (NG) tube, start at the tip of the nose, go to the ear lobe, then the xiphoid process. Vegans, vegetarians and patients with pernicious anemia (a decrease in red blood cells when the body can't absorb enough vitamin B-12) are at risk for Vitamin _____ deficiency. Vitamin _____ foods consists of dark green leafy vegetables, eggs, carrots, liver, tomatoes, potatoes and peanut butter. Vitamin _____ foods consists of orange-yellow vegetables, fatty fish dairy, cantaloupe, carrots and leafy green vegetables. Vitamin _____ increases iron absorption. Orange juice is an example of a source. Vitamin _____ increases iron absorption. Vitamin _____ is for ascorbic acid. Vitamin _____ is found in beef, liver, lean meat, clams, oysters, herring, crab, eggs and dairy. Vitamin _____ is found in green leafy vegetables, meat and grain. Vitamin _____ is found in meats, legumes, nuts, whole grains, milk and beef liver. Vitamin A is for _____ and _____ foods. Vitamin A deficiency can cause night vision blindness in children. - Vitamin D is for _____ and helps with absorption of calcium. Vitamin D is found in sunlight, milk, eggs and fatty fish. *On the OA, there is a photosynthetic meds question, choose a vitamin D food.* - Vitamin E is for _____ _____ _____ _____. It can be found in vegetable oil and nuts. Vitamin K is for _____, which is essential for blood clotting. Vitamin K deficiency can present as bruising easily/bleeding. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are _____ - soluble micronutrients. HINT: A fat D.E.C.K of cards. What is a mnemonic device for foods high in iron? Egg yolks Apricots Tofu Legumes Oysters Tuna Seeds POtatoes Fish Iron Fortified Cereals Red meats Poultry Nuts What is NOT a refined sugar/carbohydrate? When a patient is utilizing a nasogastric (NG) tube, they are at a higher risk for aspiration, therefore we must _____ the HOB (head of the bed) 30-45 degrees. - When utilizing a nasogastric (NG) tube, after you aspirate the contents into the syringe, we must check the _____ _____.