NR565 Final Exam
_________ interferes with the absorption of other drugs, such as sucralfate. Separate
administration by 1 hour - ANSWER✅✅✅Antacids 1st line treatment for gastroparesis?
- ANSWER✅✅✅Metoclopramide is recommended first line for N/V due to
gastroparesis A patient reports taking an oral bisacodyl laxative for several years. Which
instructions should be given to guide the discontinuation of the laxative? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Stop taking the laxative immediately and expect no stool for several
days. A patient who has been taking senna for several days reports that her urine is
yellowish-brown. What is an appropriate response? - ANSWER✅✅✅It is an expected,
harmless effect of Senna A1C goal for older adults? - ANSWER✅✅✅<7.5% for adults
with few health issues <8.0%-8.5 for adults with Comorbidities or cognitive issues
According to the GOLD criteria, the majority of mild to moderate cases of COPD can be
managed with bronchodilator therapy which may include one or more of the following -
ANSWER✅✅✅long-acting B2 agonists (LABA)long-acting antimuscarinic agents
(LAMA)inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)systemic corticosteroidsantibiotics when signs of
bacterial infection exist Action of Insulin - ANSWER✅✅✅Insulin acts in two ways to
promote anabolic effects. 1. it stimulates cellular transport (uptake) of glucose, amino
acids, nucleotides, and potassium. 2. insulin promotes synthesis of complex organic
molecules. Active Immunity - ANSWER✅✅✅When the immune system produces
antibodies in response to an antigen by the vaccine, or by the infection itself. e.g. if a
person who has never had hepatitis B contracts hepatitis B and recovers from it, that
person becomes immune to hepatitis B because of the immune system's antibody
response to the hepatitis B virus. alternative therapies to Spiriva -
ANSWER✅✅✅Glycopyrronium bromide, umeclidinium bromide, and revefenacin are
anticholinergics bronchodilators An older adult patient takes an opioid analgesic after a
right-hip open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). Which of the medication should be
prescribed to prevent constipation? - ANSWER✅✅✅Docusate sodium At what A1c
level should insulin be considered? - ANSWER✅✅✅>10% At what point would an oral
steroid be prescribed? - ANSWER✅✅✅Oral glucocorticoids may be required for
patients with moderate to severe persistent asthma or for management of acute
exacerbations of asthma or COPD Benefits of ICS - ANSWER✅✅✅reduce symptoms,
increase lung function, improve quality of life, and reduce the risk of exacerbation and
, asthma related deaths and hospitalizations Benefits of SABA use - ANSWER✅✅✅these
drugs act promptly to reverse bronchoconstriction and provide rapid relief from cough,
chest tightness, and wheezing. Bupropion recommended length of treatment -
ANSWER✅✅✅7-12 weeks then dosage should be decreased Clopidogrel interacts with
________ due to CYP2C19 inhibition - ANSWER✅✅✅PPIs common dosage for asthma
using albuterol MDI - ANSWER✅✅✅(Metered-dose inhaler) Bronchospasm: 2 oral
inhalations (90 mcg albuterol base/actuation) every 4 to 6 hours or 1 oral inhalation every 4
hours (FDA dosage) Drugs that accelerate levothyroxine metabolism -
ANSWER✅✅✅phenytoin (Dilantin) carbamazepine (Tegretol, Carbatrol) rifampin
(Rifadin) sertraline (Zoloft) phenobarbital. *To maintain adequate levothyroxine levels,
patients taking these drugs may need to increase their levothyroxine dosage. *Digoxin and
Insulin may have more requirements when taking levothyroxine Drugs that reduce
absorption of levothyroxine - ANSWER✅✅✅Histamine 2 (H2) receptor blockers (e.g.,
cimetidine [Tagamet]) Proton pump inhibitors (e.g., lansoprazole [Prevacid]) Sucralfate
(Carafate) Cholestyramine (Questran) Colestipol (Colestid) Aluminum-containing antacids
(e.g., Maalox, Mylanta) Calcium supplements (e.g., Tums, Os-Cal) Iron supplements (e.g.,
ferrous sulfate) Magnesium salts Orlistat (Xenical) *administer 4 hours apart from
levothyroxine* DTaP contraindications - ANSWER✅✅✅if a prior vaccination with DTaP
produced (1) an immediate anaphylactic reaction or (2) encephalopathy within 7 days of
vaccination. Examples of decongestants - ANSWER✅✅✅Beclomethasone
dipropionate Budesonide Fluticasone Triamcinolone Examples of Inhaled Corticosteroids
(ICS) - ANSWER✅✅✅Ciclesonide budesonide beclomethasone examples of LABAs -
ANSWER✅✅✅formoterol salmeterol oldaterol Examples of Leukotriene Receptor
Agonists - ANSWER✅✅✅montelukast zafirlukast examples of SABAs -
ANSWER✅✅✅albuterol levalbuterol isoproterenol terbutaline sulphate Food
interactions with levothyroxine - ANSWER✅✅✅Food decreases absorption. Should be
taken on an empty stomach 30-60 minutes prior to breakfast H2 receptor antagonist
examples - ANSWER✅✅✅cimetidine [Tagamet®] famotidine [Pepcid®] nizatidine
[Axid®] ranitidine [Zantac®] Hep B vaccine contraindications - ANSWER✅✅✅prior
anaphylactic reaction either to HepB itself or to baker's yeast. herd immunity -
ANSWER✅✅✅the resistance to an infectious organism because a large group of
people is immune to the infectious organism through immunization/vaccine. Herd or
Community immunity is contingent on the likelihood individuals are prone to the infection
will encounter the infected person. e.g most of the people in the community are immune to
an infectious disease, which means everyone does not need immunity to prevent the
spread of the infection. how often should A1c be checked? - ANSWER✅✅✅Every 3-6
_________ interferes with the absorption of other drugs, such as sucralfate. Separate
administration by 1 hour - ANSWER✅✅✅Antacids 1st line treatment for gastroparesis?
- ANSWER✅✅✅Metoclopramide is recommended first line for N/V due to
gastroparesis A patient reports taking an oral bisacodyl laxative for several years. Which
instructions should be given to guide the discontinuation of the laxative? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Stop taking the laxative immediately and expect no stool for several
days. A patient who has been taking senna for several days reports that her urine is
yellowish-brown. What is an appropriate response? - ANSWER✅✅✅It is an expected,
harmless effect of Senna A1C goal for older adults? - ANSWER✅✅✅<7.5% for adults
with few health issues <8.0%-8.5 for adults with Comorbidities or cognitive issues
According to the GOLD criteria, the majority of mild to moderate cases of COPD can be
managed with bronchodilator therapy which may include one or more of the following -
ANSWER✅✅✅long-acting B2 agonists (LABA)long-acting antimuscarinic agents
(LAMA)inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)systemic corticosteroidsantibiotics when signs of
bacterial infection exist Action of Insulin - ANSWER✅✅✅Insulin acts in two ways to
promote anabolic effects. 1. it stimulates cellular transport (uptake) of glucose, amino
acids, nucleotides, and potassium. 2. insulin promotes synthesis of complex organic
molecules. Active Immunity - ANSWER✅✅✅When the immune system produces
antibodies in response to an antigen by the vaccine, or by the infection itself. e.g. if a
person who has never had hepatitis B contracts hepatitis B and recovers from it, that
person becomes immune to hepatitis B because of the immune system's antibody
response to the hepatitis B virus. alternative therapies to Spiriva -
ANSWER✅✅✅Glycopyrronium bromide, umeclidinium bromide, and revefenacin are
anticholinergics bronchodilators An older adult patient takes an opioid analgesic after a
right-hip open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). Which of the medication should be
prescribed to prevent constipation? - ANSWER✅✅✅Docusate sodium At what A1c
level should insulin be considered? - ANSWER✅✅✅>10% At what point would an oral
steroid be prescribed? - ANSWER✅✅✅Oral glucocorticoids may be required for
patients with moderate to severe persistent asthma or for management of acute
exacerbations of asthma or COPD Benefits of ICS - ANSWER✅✅✅reduce symptoms,
increase lung function, improve quality of life, and reduce the risk of exacerbation and
, asthma related deaths and hospitalizations Benefits of SABA use - ANSWER✅✅✅these
drugs act promptly to reverse bronchoconstriction and provide rapid relief from cough,
chest tightness, and wheezing. Bupropion recommended length of treatment -
ANSWER✅✅✅7-12 weeks then dosage should be decreased Clopidogrel interacts with
________ due to CYP2C19 inhibition - ANSWER✅✅✅PPIs common dosage for asthma
using albuterol MDI - ANSWER✅✅✅(Metered-dose inhaler) Bronchospasm: 2 oral
inhalations (90 mcg albuterol base/actuation) every 4 to 6 hours or 1 oral inhalation every 4
hours (FDA dosage) Drugs that accelerate levothyroxine metabolism -
ANSWER✅✅✅phenytoin (Dilantin) carbamazepine (Tegretol, Carbatrol) rifampin
(Rifadin) sertraline (Zoloft) phenobarbital. *To maintain adequate levothyroxine levels,
patients taking these drugs may need to increase their levothyroxine dosage. *Digoxin and
Insulin may have more requirements when taking levothyroxine Drugs that reduce
absorption of levothyroxine - ANSWER✅✅✅Histamine 2 (H2) receptor blockers (e.g.,
cimetidine [Tagamet]) Proton pump inhibitors (e.g., lansoprazole [Prevacid]) Sucralfate
(Carafate) Cholestyramine (Questran) Colestipol (Colestid) Aluminum-containing antacids
(e.g., Maalox, Mylanta) Calcium supplements (e.g., Tums, Os-Cal) Iron supplements (e.g.,
ferrous sulfate) Magnesium salts Orlistat (Xenical) *administer 4 hours apart from
levothyroxine* DTaP contraindications - ANSWER✅✅✅if a prior vaccination with DTaP
produced (1) an immediate anaphylactic reaction or (2) encephalopathy within 7 days of
vaccination. Examples of decongestants - ANSWER✅✅✅Beclomethasone
dipropionate Budesonide Fluticasone Triamcinolone Examples of Inhaled Corticosteroids
(ICS) - ANSWER✅✅✅Ciclesonide budesonide beclomethasone examples of LABAs -
ANSWER✅✅✅formoterol salmeterol oldaterol Examples of Leukotriene Receptor
Agonists - ANSWER✅✅✅montelukast zafirlukast examples of SABAs -
ANSWER✅✅✅albuterol levalbuterol isoproterenol terbutaline sulphate Food
interactions with levothyroxine - ANSWER✅✅✅Food decreases absorption. Should be
taken on an empty stomach 30-60 minutes prior to breakfast H2 receptor antagonist
examples - ANSWER✅✅✅cimetidine [Tagamet®] famotidine [Pepcid®] nizatidine
[Axid®] ranitidine [Zantac®] Hep B vaccine contraindications - ANSWER✅✅✅prior
anaphylactic reaction either to HepB itself or to baker's yeast. herd immunity -
ANSWER✅✅✅the resistance to an infectious organism because a large group of
people is immune to the infectious organism through immunization/vaccine. Herd or
Community immunity is contingent on the likelihood individuals are prone to the infection
will encounter the infected person. e.g most of the people in the community are immune to
an infectious disease, which means everyone does not need immunity to prevent the
spread of the infection. how often should A1c be checked? - ANSWER✅✅✅Every 3-6
