NUR 145 Test 1Questions and Correct
Answers
3 Phases of Surgery ✅Preoperative, post operative, intraoperative
Characteristics of calcium deficiency ✅muscle cramps, hypotension, decreased
Cardiac output, neuro changes, dysphagia
Characteristics of calcium excess ✅hypertension, EKG changes, muscle/ joint pain,
nausea, thirst, dehydration, constipation
Normal Calcium level ✅9.0-10.5 mg/dL
Normal Potassium level ✅3.5- 5
Excessive Potassium level characteristics ✅cardiac dysrhythmias, death, twitching,
muscle weakness
Lower Potassium Levels characteristics ✅polyuria, constipation, dysrhythmias, muscle
weakness, orthostatic hypotension
Definition of Constipation ✅a decrease in frequency of bowel movements from what is
"normal"
Complications of Constipation ✅fecal impaction, hemorrhoids
Treatments of Constipation ✅Stool softeners, laxatives, stimulants, saline and osmotic
solutions
Nursing interventions for constipation ✅Increased fluid and fiber in diet, ambulate,
exercise, avoid laxatives/enemas, establish regular time to defecate
Definition of diarrhea ✅passage of at least 3 watery stools per day, can be from an
infection
Complications of diarrhea ✅dehydration, fluid and electrolyte imbalances,
malabsorption/malnutrition,
Treatments for diarrhea ✅Loperamide, Bismuth, pepto, lomotil-- treatments depends
on the cause
, Nursing Actions for diarrhea ✅encourage fluid intake, monitor electrolyte imbalace,
assess contributing factors,
Types of Antiemtics ✅ondansetron (Zofran), metoclopramide (Reglen), and
prochlorperazine (Compazine)
Side effect of metoclopramide ✅Tremors, headaches, drowsiness
What is the purpose of antiemetics for pre-op? ✅To prevent nausea and vomiting
related to anesthesia
Nursing considerations for antiemetics? ✅airway safety, drowsiness/falls
Common types of pre-op medications ✅opioids, benzodiazepines, antiemetics, h2
receptor antagonists, anticholinergics/antihistamines
Nursing considerations for opioids? ✅Pt is at risk for falls- don't let them get out of bed
after giving and rails x2 up
-use restroom before
-make sure consent forms is signed before hand
-risk for respiratory depression
What is the purpose of benzodiazepines in surgery? ✅reduces anxiety. gives amnesia
effect.
Nursing considerations for benzos? ✅short term effects
-headache
-nausea
-vomiting
-coughing
Types of benzos ✅midazolam (Versed)- causes drowsiness and loss of memory
purpose of H2 receptor antagonists ✅decreases risk of aspiration
prototype for h2 receptor antagonist? ✅cimetidine (Tagamet)
Purpose for anticholinergics and antihistamines in surgery? ✅-decreases respiratory
secretions and reduces the risk of aspiration
-Also helps with easier intubation
Nursing considerations for anticholinergics and antihistamines used in surgery? ✅-
monitor urine output since can cause urinary retention. Pt should urinate by 8hrs post
op.
Answers
3 Phases of Surgery ✅Preoperative, post operative, intraoperative
Characteristics of calcium deficiency ✅muscle cramps, hypotension, decreased
Cardiac output, neuro changes, dysphagia
Characteristics of calcium excess ✅hypertension, EKG changes, muscle/ joint pain,
nausea, thirst, dehydration, constipation
Normal Calcium level ✅9.0-10.5 mg/dL
Normal Potassium level ✅3.5- 5
Excessive Potassium level characteristics ✅cardiac dysrhythmias, death, twitching,
muscle weakness
Lower Potassium Levels characteristics ✅polyuria, constipation, dysrhythmias, muscle
weakness, orthostatic hypotension
Definition of Constipation ✅a decrease in frequency of bowel movements from what is
"normal"
Complications of Constipation ✅fecal impaction, hemorrhoids
Treatments of Constipation ✅Stool softeners, laxatives, stimulants, saline and osmotic
solutions
Nursing interventions for constipation ✅Increased fluid and fiber in diet, ambulate,
exercise, avoid laxatives/enemas, establish regular time to defecate
Definition of diarrhea ✅passage of at least 3 watery stools per day, can be from an
infection
Complications of diarrhea ✅dehydration, fluid and electrolyte imbalances,
malabsorption/malnutrition,
Treatments for diarrhea ✅Loperamide, Bismuth, pepto, lomotil-- treatments depends
on the cause
, Nursing Actions for diarrhea ✅encourage fluid intake, monitor electrolyte imbalace,
assess contributing factors,
Types of Antiemtics ✅ondansetron (Zofran), metoclopramide (Reglen), and
prochlorperazine (Compazine)
Side effect of metoclopramide ✅Tremors, headaches, drowsiness
What is the purpose of antiemetics for pre-op? ✅To prevent nausea and vomiting
related to anesthesia
Nursing considerations for antiemetics? ✅airway safety, drowsiness/falls
Common types of pre-op medications ✅opioids, benzodiazepines, antiemetics, h2
receptor antagonists, anticholinergics/antihistamines
Nursing considerations for opioids? ✅Pt is at risk for falls- don't let them get out of bed
after giving and rails x2 up
-use restroom before
-make sure consent forms is signed before hand
-risk for respiratory depression
What is the purpose of benzodiazepines in surgery? ✅reduces anxiety. gives amnesia
effect.
Nursing considerations for benzos? ✅short term effects
-headache
-nausea
-vomiting
-coughing
Types of benzos ✅midazolam (Versed)- causes drowsiness and loss of memory
purpose of H2 receptor antagonists ✅decreases risk of aspiration
prototype for h2 receptor antagonist? ✅cimetidine (Tagamet)
Purpose for anticholinergics and antihistamines in surgery? ✅-decreases respiratory
secretions and reduces the risk of aspiration
-Also helps with easier intubation
Nursing considerations for anticholinergics and antihistamines used in surgery? ✅-
monitor urine output since can cause urinary retention. Pt should urinate by 8hrs post
op.
