Heredity and Genetics - C652 exam fully
solved
Gene - ANSWER- A string of nucleotides in a DNA molecule
Allele - ANSWER- Any one of two or more genes that may occur at a given site on
a chromosome.
Occurs in pairs - dominant/recessive
Phenotype - ANSWER- Observable characteristics in regards to its genotype
Genotype - ANSWER- Genetic constitution of an individual organism.
Example:
DD - Homozygous
Dd - Heterozygous
dd - Homozygous
Heterozygous - ANSWER- having two different alleles for a trait
Homozygous - ANSWER- An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
Dominant - ANSWER- An allele that is always expressed
Recessive - ANSWER- An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present
Prophase 1 - ANSWER- Chromosomes become visible; nuclear envelope breaks
down; crossing-over occurs.
Metaphase 1 - ANSWER- Paired homologous chromosomes line up across the
center of the cell
Anaphase 1 - ANSWER- Homologous pairs are pulled apart to the opposite poles
of the cell. The sister chromatids are still in tact.
, Telophase 1 and cytokinesis (meiosis) - ANSWER- nuclear membrane forms
again and spindle fibers disassemble then the cell undergoes cytokinesis and
divides.
Prophase 2 - ANSWER- A new spindle forms around the chromosomes
Metaphase 2 - ANSWER- Centromeres of chromosomes line up randomly at the
equator of each cell.
Anaphase 2 - ANSWER- sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
Telophase 2 and Cytokinesis - ANSWER- A nuclear envelope forms around each
set of chromosomes. the cytoplasm divides.
And
four haploid daughter cells result
crossing over - ANSWER- the exchange of genes between homologous
chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring. All
possible combinations creat an "independent assortment"
Mendal's Law of Segregation - ANSWER- 2 copies of a gene segregate from each
other during the transmission from parent to offspring
Mendal's law of independent assortment - ANSWER- This law states that allele
pairs separate independently during the formation of gametes. Therefore, traits
are transmitted to offspring independently of one another.
Codominance - ANSWER- A condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully
expressed
incomplete dominance - ANSWER- Mixture of alleles from the genotype are seen
in the phenotype
x-link trait inheritance - ANSWER- Recessive inheritance passed down from
parent to child. Mutations in the gene on the X chromosome
polygenic traits - ANSWER- traits controlled by two or more genes. Example: skin
pigment, either have it or not affects the skin color gene
X-linked dominant - ANSWER- a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant
gene is carried on the X chromosome.
solved
Gene - ANSWER- A string of nucleotides in a DNA molecule
Allele - ANSWER- Any one of two or more genes that may occur at a given site on
a chromosome.
Occurs in pairs - dominant/recessive
Phenotype - ANSWER- Observable characteristics in regards to its genotype
Genotype - ANSWER- Genetic constitution of an individual organism.
Example:
DD - Homozygous
Dd - Heterozygous
dd - Homozygous
Heterozygous - ANSWER- having two different alleles for a trait
Homozygous - ANSWER- An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
Dominant - ANSWER- An allele that is always expressed
Recessive - ANSWER- An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present
Prophase 1 - ANSWER- Chromosomes become visible; nuclear envelope breaks
down; crossing-over occurs.
Metaphase 1 - ANSWER- Paired homologous chromosomes line up across the
center of the cell
Anaphase 1 - ANSWER- Homologous pairs are pulled apart to the opposite poles
of the cell. The sister chromatids are still in tact.
, Telophase 1 and cytokinesis (meiosis) - ANSWER- nuclear membrane forms
again and spindle fibers disassemble then the cell undergoes cytokinesis and
divides.
Prophase 2 - ANSWER- A new spindle forms around the chromosomes
Metaphase 2 - ANSWER- Centromeres of chromosomes line up randomly at the
equator of each cell.
Anaphase 2 - ANSWER- sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
Telophase 2 and Cytokinesis - ANSWER- A nuclear envelope forms around each
set of chromosomes. the cytoplasm divides.
And
four haploid daughter cells result
crossing over - ANSWER- the exchange of genes between homologous
chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring. All
possible combinations creat an "independent assortment"
Mendal's Law of Segregation - ANSWER- 2 copies of a gene segregate from each
other during the transmission from parent to offspring
Mendal's law of independent assortment - ANSWER- This law states that allele
pairs separate independently during the formation of gametes. Therefore, traits
are transmitted to offspring independently of one another.
Codominance - ANSWER- A condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully
expressed
incomplete dominance - ANSWER- Mixture of alleles from the genotype are seen
in the phenotype
x-link trait inheritance - ANSWER- Recessive inheritance passed down from
parent to child. Mutations in the gene on the X chromosome
polygenic traits - ANSWER- traits controlled by two or more genes. Example: skin
pigment, either have it or not affects the skin color gene
X-linked dominant - ANSWER- a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant
gene is carried on the X chromosome.
