BIOD331
Pathophysiology
FINAL EXAM GUIDE
© Portage 2024/2025
,1. Which of the following best describes the concept of
apoptosis?
a) Cell necrosis
b) Programmed cell death
c) Cell hypertrophy
d) Autophagy
Correct Answer: b) Programmed cell death
Rationale: Apoptosis is a regulated process of cell death that is
essential for maintaining homeostasis and development.
2. In which type of hypersensitivity reaction does IgE play a
critical role?
a) Type I
b) Type II
c) Type III
d) Type IV
Correct Answer: a) Type I
Rationale: Type I hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by
IgE antibodies that bind to allergens and trigger histamine release
from mast cells.
© Portage 2024/2025
, 3. Which disease is characterized by a deficiency of glucose-6-
phosphate dehydrogenase?
a) Hemophilia
b) Sickle cell anemia
c) G6PD deficiency
d) Thalassemia
Correct Answer: c) G6PD deficiency
Rationale: G6PD deficiency is an X-linked genetic disorder
that affects red blood cell metabolism.
4. What is the hallmark of chronic inflammation?
a) Necrosis
b) Neovascularization
c) Granuloma formation
d) Apoptosis
Correct Answer: c) Granuloma formation
Rationale: Granulomas are aggregates of macrophages that can
form in response to chronic inflammation, often seen in infections
like tuberculosis.
© Portage 2024/2025
Pathophysiology
FINAL EXAM GUIDE
© Portage 2024/2025
,1. Which of the following best describes the concept of
apoptosis?
a) Cell necrosis
b) Programmed cell death
c) Cell hypertrophy
d) Autophagy
Correct Answer: b) Programmed cell death
Rationale: Apoptosis is a regulated process of cell death that is
essential for maintaining homeostasis and development.
2. In which type of hypersensitivity reaction does IgE play a
critical role?
a) Type I
b) Type II
c) Type III
d) Type IV
Correct Answer: a) Type I
Rationale: Type I hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by
IgE antibodies that bind to allergens and trigger histamine release
from mast cells.
© Portage 2024/2025
, 3. Which disease is characterized by a deficiency of glucose-6-
phosphate dehydrogenase?
a) Hemophilia
b) Sickle cell anemia
c) G6PD deficiency
d) Thalassemia
Correct Answer: c) G6PD deficiency
Rationale: G6PD deficiency is an X-linked genetic disorder
that affects red blood cell metabolism.
4. What is the hallmark of chronic inflammation?
a) Necrosis
b) Neovascularization
c) Granuloma formation
d) Apoptosis
Correct Answer: c) Granuloma formation
Rationale: Granulomas are aggregates of macrophages that can
form in response to chronic inflammation, often seen in infections
like tuberculosis.
© Portage 2024/2025
