CPSS Exam 1 Latest 2024/2025 Updated Questions and Answers Guaranteed 100% Success.

When are IM injections indicated? - - drugs are not easily absorbed PO - when you want an intermediate rate of onset & duration of action - when parenteral delivery is necessary What are the reasons to give an injection? - - if drug is poorly absorbed or degraded by GI system - if pt is uncooperative, unconscious, unable to take PO - used when localized therapy is desired - preferred when rapid & predictable drug response is desired in ER situations Enlarged base by which a hollow needle may be attached to a device (as a syringe) - Hub Cylindrical container that holds liquids - Barrel A small container, usually with a closure, used especially for liquids - Vial Small bottle that contains the drug - Ampule What is the needle size used for blood withdrawal? - 18 g What is the needle size used for IM injections? - 22g What is the needle size used for SubQ injections? - 25-27gWhat needle size is used for ID injections? - 26-27g What type of injection has the fastest rate of absorption? - IV IM SQ Diameter of the needle - Gauge What are the 3 main sites of IM injections? - - gluteal (upper outter quadrant) - deltoid (lateral & 3-4cm below the acromion) - vastus lateralis (antero-lateral, upper thigh) Which IM site is preferred in infants & kids under 3? - Vastus lateralis *painful due to fascia lata *lack of nerves and vessels Which IM site is preferred in kids over 2? - Gluteus maximus *higher risk of hitting siatic nerve in kids under 2 Which IM site is preferred in adults? - Deltoid *watch for radial nerve in kids What is an important technique to use when giving an IM injection? - Draw about 0.2ccs of air into syringe (air lock) Hold syringe like a dart at 90 degree angle Max amount injected is 3ccs *DO NOT MASSAGE- will break seal* What are the complications associated with IM injections? - - inject into vessel - inject into nerve - needle breaks off- sterile/septic abscess Which type of injection is used for drugs requiring slower absorption and longer duration of action? - SubQ *drugs must be soluble and potent in small concentrations What are the 3 common sites used for SC injections? - - upper outer arm - anterior thigh - lower abdomen What are the MC SC injections given? - Heparin & Insulin *refrigerate insulin *Do NOT aspirate or massage heparin injections How is insulin mixed? - Rolled between palms of hands - gently! What technique should be used when giving a SC injection? - Pinch SC tissue into roll with thumb & forefinger of non-dominant hand; inject at 45 degree angle Max amount 2ccs Which type of injection has little systemic affects and is mainly localized? - ID injections - TB & allergy testing What are the C/I to ID injections? - - dermatitis - cellulitis - previous positive TB test What are the most commonly used sites for ID injections? - Ventral forearm (TB) & back (allergy testing) *Rabies vaccine given ID in deltoidWhat are the absolute C/I for radial & brachial ABGs? - - no pulse/collateral circulation - cellulitis - aneurysm at puncture site - AV fistula or graft above puncture site What are the relative C/I for radial & brachial ABGs? - - chronic renal disease - arterial disease - bleeding disorders/ anticoagulant therapy What are the potential complications of ABGs? - - hemorrhage - thrombosis - transient arterial spasm - nerve damage - infections What artery is MC used for arterial puncture? - Radial artery Which artery runs along the lateral aspect of the volar forearm deep to the superficial fascia between the styloid process of the radius and the flexor carpi radialis tendon? - Radial artery Which artery is used if the radial artery is unavailable? - Brachial artery Which artery runs along the medial 1/3rd surface of the antecubital fossa and should be accessed above the antecubial crease? - Brachial artery Which artery is used only if the radial and brachial are not possible? Usually indicated when the pt is severely volume depleted or in shock? - Femoral artery