RBC #1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
FirstxAmendmentx
(Basicxrightsxandxfreedoms)
LDx2x-xans✔✔Freedomxofxreligion,x
freedomxofxspeech,x
freedomxofxpress,x
freedomxofxassembly,x
rightxtoxpetitionxthexgovernmentxforxaxredressxofxgrievances.
-xAllxindividualsxmustxbexallowedxtoxworship,xorxnotxworshipxasxtheyxsoxchoose.
-xAllxindividualsxhavexthexrightxtoxfreedomxofxexpressionxofxtheirxideas
-
xIndividualsxwhoxfeelxtheyxhavexbeenxwrongedxhavexthexrightxtoxpetitionxthexgovernmentxtox
rectifyxthexcircumstances
FirstxAmendmentxProvisions
LDx2x-xans✔✔Thexrightxtoxfreexspeechxmustxbexreasonable:
-xshoutx"Fire!"inxcrowdedxauditorium
-xscreamingxtoxdisturbxthexpeacex
-xdisturbxanxorderlyxassemblyxlikexaxchurchxorxcourtx
-xincitexaxriotx
-xurgexothersxtoxcommitxaxcrimex
-xfalsexreportxofxanxexplosive
4thxAmendmentxprovisionsx
LDx2x-xans✔✔Doesxnotxgivexabsolutexrightxtoxprivacyxnorxprohibitsxallxsearchesx
officersxmayxsearchxincidentxtoxarrestxforxweaponsxorxcontrabandxthenxseizexitemsxforxevid
encex
personsxhomexisxnotxrefugexforxcriminalsx
freshxorximmediatexpursuitx=xofficersxmayxfollowxaxcriminalxwhoxhasxtakenxrefugexinxaxhous
exorxbuildingxwithoutxaxwarrant
FourthxAmendmentx
LDx2x-xans✔✔Freedomxfromxunreasonablexsearchxandxseizure
,-xUnreasonablexsearchxandxseizuresxarexnotxallowed
-
xSearchxandxarrestxwarrants xmustxshowxprobablexcausexandxmostxspecificallyxidentify xitem
sxorxindividualsxtoxbexsearchedxorxseized
FifthxAmendment
LDx2x-
xans✔✔Freedomxfromxbeingxtriedxtwicexforxthexsamexcrime,xfreedomxfromxselfxincriminatio
n
-xProtectionxagainstxaxsecondxprosecutionxafterxacquittalxorxconvictionx(doublexjeopardy)
-xProtectionxagainstxselfxincrimination
-xindividualsxmustxbexgivenxduexprocessxbeforexlife,xlibertyxorxpropertyxtakenxaway
SixthxAmendmentx
LDx2x-xans✔✔Whenxaccusedxofxaxcrime:
-xRightxtoxbextoldxofxchargesxwhenxarrested,
-xrightxtoxaxspeedyxtrial,x
-xRightxtoxaxpublicxtrialxbyxanximpartialxjury,x-xRightxtoxconfrontxwitnesses,x
-xRightxtoxcounsel
Individualsxwhoxhavexbeenxaccusedxofxaxcrimexhavexthexrightxtox:
-xAxspeedyxandxpublicxtrialxbyxaxjury,
-xBexinformedxofxthexaccusationsxagainstxthem
-xConfrontxtheirxaccusers
-xSubpoenaxwitnessesxforxtheirxdefense
-xHavexlegalxcounsel
EighthxAmendmentx
LDx2x-xans✔✔Freedomxfromxexcessivexbail,x
freedomxfromxcruelxandxunusualxpunishments
-xExcessivexbailsxandxfinesxarexnotxallowed
-xPunishmentxmustxbexreasonablexbasedxonxthexcrime
Anyxviolationxofxthex6thxamendmentxmayxresultxin:
(LDx2)x-xans✔✔exclusionxofxevidencex
dismissalxofxthexcase
criminalxliabilityxofxthexofficer
FourteenthxAmendmentx
,LDx2x-
xans✔✔Basicxrightsxofxaxdefendant xinxaxjudicialxproceeding, xthexrequisitesxforxtrialx(duexpro
cess),xrightxtoxequalxprotectionxofxthexlaws
Equalxjusticexunderxthexlawxtoxallxpersons
Noxstatexmay:
-xLimitxprivilegesxorximmunitiesxorxUSxcitizens
-xDenyxduexprocessxofxthexlawxtoxanyxperson
-xDenyxequalxprotectionxofxthexlawxtoxanyxperson
CivilxRightsxstatutesx-xans✔✔U.S.xCode,xTitlex42,xSectionx1983:
Peacexofficersxarexsubjectxtoxthisxstatutexandxcanxbexheldxpersonallyxliablexif,xwhilexactingxu
nderxthexcolorxofxlaw,xtheyxdeprivexorxdenyxsomeonexaxlegalxrightxtoxwhichxthexpersonxwasx
entitled.
However,xunderxthisxsection,xsoxlongxasxanxofficerxwasxactingxwithinxthexscopexofxtheirxdutie
sxandxtheyxreasonablyxbelievedxtheirxactionsxdidxnotxviolatexanyxfederalxstatutoryxorxconstit
utionalxrights,xtheyxmayxrequestxqualifiedximmunity.xQualifiedximmunityxprotectsxthexindivid
ualxofficerxfromxbeingxliablexforxdamagesxresultingxinxactualxconstitutionalxviolations.
U.S.xCode,xTitlex18,xSectionx241:
Thisxlawxmakesxitxaxfederalxcrime,xpunishablexbyxaxfinexorximprisonmentxupxtox10xyears,xorx
both:
Peacexofficersxcanxbexprosecutedxcriminallyxifxtheyxconspirexwithxotherxpersonsxtoxdeprivexi
ndividualsxofxtheirxlegalxrightsxandxbexincarcerated.
U.S.xCode,xTitlex18,xSectionx242:
Thisxlawxmakesxitxaxfederalxcrime,xpunishablexbyxaxfinexorximprisonmentxupxtoxonexyear,xorx
both:
Peacexofficersxcanxbexprosecutedxcriminallyxifxtheyxapplyxaxlawxunevenlyxbecausexofxaxpers
on'sxcolor,xrace,xorxthexfactxthatxthexpersonxisxanxalien.
ConsensualxContactx-
xans✔✔·xreasonablexpersonxtoxbelievextheyxarexfreextoxleavexorxotherwisexnotxcooperate.
·xOfficerxhasxlegalxrightxtoxbexthere
Appropriatexconductxduringxconsensualxencounterx-
xans✔✔requestingxinfox(IDxandxpersonalxinfo),xinterviewingxwitnessesxatxthexscenexofxaxcri
mexorxaccident,xconversingxcasually,xdisseminatingxinformation
, Elevatingxaxconsensualxencounterx-
xans✔✔Emergencyxlights,xblockingxaxpersonxorxcarxfromxleaving,xissuingxordersxorxcomma
nds,xaccusatoryxquestioningxorxtone,xconductingxcursory/
patxsearchxwithoutxlegalxjustification,xdemandingxorxkeepingxaxperson'sxID
AlternatexActionsx-xans✔✔usingxspotlightx
positioningxselfxtoxnotxblockxway
askingxconsent
nonxaccusingxtone
askingxforxidxandxreturningxitxwhenxasked
Consequencesxofxelevationxofxcontact
LDx15xLawsxofxArrestx-xans✔✔fourthxamendmentxviolations,xcivil/
criminalxprosecution,xagencyxdisciplinaryxaction
Arraignmentx-
xans✔✔legalxprocedurexwherexcourtxinformsxdefendantsxofxthexnaturexofxthexchargesxagai
nstxthem
alsoxlearnsxofxbailx
learnsxtheirxconstitutionalxrightsxto:
-xhavexcounselxthroughxprocess
-xpleadxguiltyxorxnot
-xtrialxbyxcourtxorxjury
Bailxandxrightxtoxbailx-xans✔✔Rightxtoxbailx-
xdefendantsxconstitutionalxrightxtoxreasonablexbail
Preliminaryxhearingx-
xans✔✔screeningxprocedurexusedxinxfelonyxcasesxtoxdeterminexifxtherexisxenoughxevidenc
extoeholdxaxdefendantxforxtrial
indictmentx-
xans✔✔accusationxinxwritingxformallyxchargingxaxpersonxwithxaxcrimexorxpublicxoffense
CaliforniaxDepartmentxofxCorrectionsxandxRehabilitationx-
xans✔✔Responsiblexforxincarcerationxofxconvictedxadultsxandxyouth
CAxBoardxofxPrisonxTermsx-
xans✔✔supervisesxinmates xwhoxhavexbeenxreleasedxonxparolexfromxCDCR
FirstxAmendmentx
(Basicxrightsxandxfreedoms)
LDx2x-xans✔✔Freedomxofxreligion,x
freedomxofxspeech,x
freedomxofxpress,x
freedomxofxassembly,x
rightxtoxpetitionxthexgovernmentxforxaxredressxofxgrievances.
-xAllxindividualsxmustxbexallowedxtoxworship,xorxnotxworshipxasxtheyxsoxchoose.
-xAllxindividualsxhavexthexrightxtoxfreedomxofxexpressionxofxtheirxideas
-
xIndividualsxwhoxfeelxtheyxhavexbeenxwrongedxhavexthexrightxtoxpetitionxthexgovernmentxtox
rectifyxthexcircumstances
FirstxAmendmentxProvisions
LDx2x-xans✔✔Thexrightxtoxfreexspeechxmustxbexreasonable:
-xshoutx"Fire!"inxcrowdedxauditorium
-xscreamingxtoxdisturbxthexpeacex
-xdisturbxanxorderlyxassemblyxlikexaxchurchxorxcourtx
-xincitexaxriotx
-xurgexothersxtoxcommitxaxcrimex
-xfalsexreportxofxanxexplosive
4thxAmendmentxprovisionsx
LDx2x-xans✔✔Doesxnotxgivexabsolutexrightxtoxprivacyxnorxprohibitsxallxsearchesx
officersxmayxsearchxincidentxtoxarrestxforxweaponsxorxcontrabandxthenxseizexitemsxforxevid
encex
personsxhomexisxnotxrefugexforxcriminalsx
freshxorximmediatexpursuitx=xofficersxmayxfollowxaxcriminalxwhoxhasxtakenxrefugexinxaxhous
exorxbuildingxwithoutxaxwarrant
FourthxAmendmentx
LDx2x-xans✔✔Freedomxfromxunreasonablexsearchxandxseizure
,-xUnreasonablexsearchxandxseizuresxarexnotxallowed
-
xSearchxandxarrestxwarrants xmustxshowxprobablexcausexandxmostxspecificallyxidentify xitem
sxorxindividualsxtoxbexsearchedxorxseized
FifthxAmendment
LDx2x-
xans✔✔Freedomxfromxbeingxtriedxtwicexforxthexsamexcrime,xfreedomxfromxselfxincriminatio
n
-xProtectionxagainstxaxsecondxprosecutionxafterxacquittalxorxconvictionx(doublexjeopardy)
-xProtectionxagainstxselfxincrimination
-xindividualsxmustxbexgivenxduexprocessxbeforexlife,xlibertyxorxpropertyxtakenxaway
SixthxAmendmentx
LDx2x-xans✔✔Whenxaccusedxofxaxcrime:
-xRightxtoxbextoldxofxchargesxwhenxarrested,
-xrightxtoxaxspeedyxtrial,x
-xRightxtoxaxpublicxtrialxbyxanximpartialxjury,x-xRightxtoxconfrontxwitnesses,x
-xRightxtoxcounsel
Individualsxwhoxhavexbeenxaccusedxofxaxcrimexhavexthexrightxtox:
-xAxspeedyxandxpublicxtrialxbyxaxjury,
-xBexinformedxofxthexaccusationsxagainstxthem
-xConfrontxtheirxaccusers
-xSubpoenaxwitnessesxforxtheirxdefense
-xHavexlegalxcounsel
EighthxAmendmentx
LDx2x-xans✔✔Freedomxfromxexcessivexbail,x
freedomxfromxcruelxandxunusualxpunishments
-xExcessivexbailsxandxfinesxarexnotxallowed
-xPunishmentxmustxbexreasonablexbasedxonxthexcrime
Anyxviolationxofxthex6thxamendmentxmayxresultxin:
(LDx2)x-xans✔✔exclusionxofxevidencex
dismissalxofxthexcase
criminalxliabilityxofxthexofficer
FourteenthxAmendmentx
,LDx2x-
xans✔✔Basicxrightsxofxaxdefendant xinxaxjudicialxproceeding, xthexrequisitesxforxtrialx(duexpro
cess),xrightxtoxequalxprotectionxofxthexlaws
Equalxjusticexunderxthexlawxtoxallxpersons
Noxstatexmay:
-xLimitxprivilegesxorximmunitiesxorxUSxcitizens
-xDenyxduexprocessxofxthexlawxtoxanyxperson
-xDenyxequalxprotectionxofxthexlawxtoxanyxperson
CivilxRightsxstatutesx-xans✔✔U.S.xCode,xTitlex42,xSectionx1983:
Peacexofficersxarexsubjectxtoxthisxstatutexandxcanxbexheldxpersonallyxliablexif,xwhilexactingxu
nderxthexcolorxofxlaw,xtheyxdeprivexorxdenyxsomeonexaxlegalxrightxtoxwhichxthexpersonxwasx
entitled.
However,xunderxthisxsection,xsoxlongxasxanxofficerxwasxactingxwithinxthexscopexofxtheirxdutie
sxandxtheyxreasonablyxbelievedxtheirxactionsxdidxnotxviolatexanyxfederalxstatutoryxorxconstit
utionalxrights,xtheyxmayxrequestxqualifiedximmunity.xQualifiedximmunityxprotectsxthexindivid
ualxofficerxfromxbeingxliablexforxdamagesxresultingxinxactualxconstitutionalxviolations.
U.S.xCode,xTitlex18,xSectionx241:
Thisxlawxmakesxitxaxfederalxcrime,xpunishablexbyxaxfinexorximprisonmentxupxtox10xyears,xorx
both:
Peacexofficersxcanxbexprosecutedxcriminallyxifxtheyxconspirexwithxotherxpersonsxtoxdeprivexi
ndividualsxofxtheirxlegalxrightsxandxbexincarcerated.
U.S.xCode,xTitlex18,xSectionx242:
Thisxlawxmakesxitxaxfederalxcrime,xpunishablexbyxaxfinexorximprisonmentxupxtoxonexyear,xorx
both:
Peacexofficersxcanxbexprosecutedxcriminallyxifxtheyxapplyxaxlawxunevenlyxbecausexofxaxpers
on'sxcolor,xrace,xorxthexfactxthatxthexpersonxisxanxalien.
ConsensualxContactx-
xans✔✔·xreasonablexpersonxtoxbelievextheyxarexfreextoxleavexorxotherwisexnotxcooperate.
·xOfficerxhasxlegalxrightxtoxbexthere
Appropriatexconductxduringxconsensualxencounterx-
xans✔✔requestingxinfox(IDxandxpersonalxinfo),xinterviewingxwitnessesxatxthexscenexofxaxcri
mexorxaccident,xconversingxcasually,xdisseminatingxinformation
, Elevatingxaxconsensualxencounterx-
xans✔✔Emergencyxlights,xblockingxaxpersonxorxcarxfromxleaving,xissuingxordersxorxcomma
nds,xaccusatoryxquestioningxorxtone,xconductingxcursory/
patxsearchxwithoutxlegalxjustification,xdemandingxorxkeepingxaxperson'sxID
AlternatexActionsx-xans✔✔usingxspotlightx
positioningxselfxtoxnotxblockxway
askingxconsent
nonxaccusingxtone
askingxforxidxandxreturningxitxwhenxasked
Consequencesxofxelevationxofxcontact
LDx15xLawsxofxArrestx-xans✔✔fourthxamendmentxviolations,xcivil/
criminalxprosecution,xagencyxdisciplinaryxaction
Arraignmentx-
xans✔✔legalxprocedurexwherexcourtxinformsxdefendantsxofxthexnaturexofxthexchargesxagai
nstxthem
alsoxlearnsxofxbailx
learnsxtheirxconstitutionalxrightsxto:
-xhavexcounselxthroughxprocess
-xpleadxguiltyxorxnot
-xtrialxbyxcourtxorxjury
Bailxandxrightxtoxbailx-xans✔✔Rightxtoxbailx-
xdefendantsxconstitutionalxrightxtoxreasonablexbail
Preliminaryxhearingx-
xans✔✔screeningxprocedurexusedxinxfelonyxcasesxtoxdeterminexifxtherexisxenoughxevidenc
extoeholdxaxdefendantxforxtrial
indictmentx-
xans✔✔accusationxinxwritingxformallyxchargingxaxpersonxwithxaxcrimexorxpublicxoffense
CaliforniaxDepartmentxofxCorrectionsxandxRehabilitationx-
xans✔✔Responsiblexforxincarcerationxofxconvictedxadultsxandxyouth
CAxBoardxofxPrisonxTermsx-
xans✔✔supervisesxinmates xwhoxhavexbeenxreleasedxonxparolexfromxCDCR
