Bio 253 Updated Exam 2 Questions with
Complete Solutions, 2024/2025
What Is the Function of The Nervous System? - ANSWER>>>- master regulatory system
- sends and receives information
- maintains homeostasis
-acts as center for thought, learning, and memory
What is Sensory Input? - ANSWER>>>Apart of the nervous system that detects change.
What is Integration and Processing? - ANSWER>>>apart of the nervous system that is decision making.
What is Motor Output? - ANSWER>>>apart of the nervous system that stimulates muscles and glands to
respond.
What Are The Main Cell Types of Nervous System? - ANSWER>>>Neurons and Neurogila
What are Neurons? - ANSWER>>>-one of the main cells in the NS
- respond quickly to changes/stimuli
- conduct electric impulses via neurotransmitters
What is a Neuroglia Cell? - ANSWER>>>- one of the main cells in the NS
- protect, support, insulate, and nourish neurons
- do not conduct electrical impulses like neurons
What Is The Flow Of Information In The NS? - ANSWER>>>1. sensory receptor = sensor input
2. brain and spinal cord = intergration
3. effector = motor output
What is the CNS Made Up Of? - ANSWER>>>the brain and spinal cord
What Is The PNS Made Up Of? - ANSWER>>>cranial nerves and spinal nerves. connects CNS to other
body parts
What Is Sensory Function? - ANSWER>>>- nervous system receives information
- sensory receptors gather info by detecting changes
- info is carried to the CNS
,What Is Integrative Function? - ANSWER>>>- NS coordinates sensory info to create sensations, memory,
and thoughts
- NS makes decisions on body's response to sensory info
What Is Motor Function? - ANSWER>>>- decisions are acted upon
- impulses are carried to effectors ( muscles and glands)
- divisions of motor portion of PNS: somatic NS and autonmic NS
What Is The Somatic NS? - ANSWER>>>it transmits VOLUNTARY instructions to skeletal muscles.
What Is The Autonmic NS? - ANSWER>>>transmits INVOLUNTARY instructions from the CNS to smooth
muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands.
What Does The Cell Body Consist Of? - ANSWER>>>1. neurofilaments
2. chromatophilic substance
What Does The Axon Consist Of? - ANSWER>>>1. axon hillock
2. collaterals
3. axon terminal
4. synaptic knob
5. may be myelinated
What Is A Schwann Cell? - ANSWER>>>- PNS neuroglia that encase axon in a sheath
- schwann cell wrap tightly around axon in layers composed of of myelin a lipoprotein mixture
- coating is called the Myelin Sheath
- Nodes of Ranvier
What Are The Nodes Of Ranvier? - ANSWER>>>gaps in myelin sheath between schwann cells.
What Are Multipolar Neurons? - ANSWER>>>- 99% of neurons
- many processes
- most neurons of CNS
What Are Bipolar Neurons? - ANSWER>>>- two processes
- eyes, ear, nose
What Are Unipolar Neurons? - ANSWER>>>- one process
- cell bodies are ganglia
, - sensory
What Are Sensory Neurons? - ANSWER>>>- afferent neursons
- carry impulse to CNS
- most are unipolar
- some are bipolar
What Are Interneurons? - ANSWER>>>- association neurons
- link neurons
- multipolar
- located in CNS
What Are Motor Neurons? - ANSWER>>>- multipolar, eefferent
- carry impulses away from CNS
- carry impulses to effectors
What Are Astrocytes? - ANSWER>>>- connect neurson to blood vessels; exchange and growth factors
- form scar tissue
- aid metabolism of certain subsances
- regulate ion concentrations such as K+
- part of blood brain barrier
What Are Oligodendrocytes? - ANSWER>>>myelinate CNS axons that provide structural support
What Is Microglia? - ANSWER>>>phagocytic ell. also provides structural support
What Are Ependyma or Ependymal Cells? - ANSWER>>>- line central canal of spinal cord and ventricles
of brain, cover choroid plexuses
- help regulate composition of cerebrospinal fluid
- cubodial or columnar cells; ciliated
What Are Schwann Cells (continued)? - ANSWER>>>- produce myelin sheath found on some peripheral
axons
- speed up speed of nerve impulse transmission
What Are Satellite Cells? - ANSWER>>>support clusters of neuron cell bodies (ganglia)
What Is The Major Intracellular Positive Ions (Cations)? - ANSWER>>>Potassium K io
What Is The Major Extracellular Positive Ions (Cations)? - ANSWER>>>Sodium Na io
Complete Solutions, 2024/2025
What Is the Function of The Nervous System? - ANSWER>>>- master regulatory system
- sends and receives information
- maintains homeostasis
-acts as center for thought, learning, and memory
What is Sensory Input? - ANSWER>>>Apart of the nervous system that detects change.
What is Integration and Processing? - ANSWER>>>apart of the nervous system that is decision making.
What is Motor Output? - ANSWER>>>apart of the nervous system that stimulates muscles and glands to
respond.
What Are The Main Cell Types of Nervous System? - ANSWER>>>Neurons and Neurogila
What are Neurons? - ANSWER>>>-one of the main cells in the NS
- respond quickly to changes/stimuli
- conduct electric impulses via neurotransmitters
What is a Neuroglia Cell? - ANSWER>>>- one of the main cells in the NS
- protect, support, insulate, and nourish neurons
- do not conduct electrical impulses like neurons
What Is The Flow Of Information In The NS? - ANSWER>>>1. sensory receptor = sensor input
2. brain and spinal cord = intergration
3. effector = motor output
What is the CNS Made Up Of? - ANSWER>>>the brain and spinal cord
What Is The PNS Made Up Of? - ANSWER>>>cranial nerves and spinal nerves. connects CNS to other
body parts
What Is Sensory Function? - ANSWER>>>- nervous system receives information
- sensory receptors gather info by detecting changes
- info is carried to the CNS
,What Is Integrative Function? - ANSWER>>>- NS coordinates sensory info to create sensations, memory,
and thoughts
- NS makes decisions on body's response to sensory info
What Is Motor Function? - ANSWER>>>- decisions are acted upon
- impulses are carried to effectors ( muscles and glands)
- divisions of motor portion of PNS: somatic NS and autonmic NS
What Is The Somatic NS? - ANSWER>>>it transmits VOLUNTARY instructions to skeletal muscles.
What Is The Autonmic NS? - ANSWER>>>transmits INVOLUNTARY instructions from the CNS to smooth
muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands.
What Does The Cell Body Consist Of? - ANSWER>>>1. neurofilaments
2. chromatophilic substance
What Does The Axon Consist Of? - ANSWER>>>1. axon hillock
2. collaterals
3. axon terminal
4. synaptic knob
5. may be myelinated
What Is A Schwann Cell? - ANSWER>>>- PNS neuroglia that encase axon in a sheath
- schwann cell wrap tightly around axon in layers composed of of myelin a lipoprotein mixture
- coating is called the Myelin Sheath
- Nodes of Ranvier
What Are The Nodes Of Ranvier? - ANSWER>>>gaps in myelin sheath between schwann cells.
What Are Multipolar Neurons? - ANSWER>>>- 99% of neurons
- many processes
- most neurons of CNS
What Are Bipolar Neurons? - ANSWER>>>- two processes
- eyes, ear, nose
What Are Unipolar Neurons? - ANSWER>>>- one process
- cell bodies are ganglia
, - sensory
What Are Sensory Neurons? - ANSWER>>>- afferent neursons
- carry impulse to CNS
- most are unipolar
- some are bipolar
What Are Interneurons? - ANSWER>>>- association neurons
- link neurons
- multipolar
- located in CNS
What Are Motor Neurons? - ANSWER>>>- multipolar, eefferent
- carry impulses away from CNS
- carry impulses to effectors
What Are Astrocytes? - ANSWER>>>- connect neurson to blood vessels; exchange and growth factors
- form scar tissue
- aid metabolism of certain subsances
- regulate ion concentrations such as K+
- part of blood brain barrier
What Are Oligodendrocytes? - ANSWER>>>myelinate CNS axons that provide structural support
What Is Microglia? - ANSWER>>>phagocytic ell. also provides structural support
What Are Ependyma or Ependymal Cells? - ANSWER>>>- line central canal of spinal cord and ventricles
of brain, cover choroid plexuses
- help regulate composition of cerebrospinal fluid
- cubodial or columnar cells; ciliated
What Are Schwann Cells (continued)? - ANSWER>>>- produce myelin sheath found on some peripheral
axons
- speed up speed of nerve impulse transmission
What Are Satellite Cells? - ANSWER>>>support clusters of neuron cell bodies (ganglia)
What Is The Major Intracellular Positive Ions (Cations)? - ANSWER>>>Potassium K io
What Is The Major Extracellular Positive Ions (Cations)? - ANSWER>>>Sodium Na io
