NURS 421 - GERO exam with complete
solutions
What factors significantly influence current population trends? Select all that
apply.
a. decreasing birth rates
b. Increasing infant mortality rates
c. Increasing life spans.
d. Improved disease control. - ANSWER- a. Decreasing birth rates.
c. Increasing life spans.
d. Improved disease control.
How should the nurse adapt to the older population becoming more diverse? -
ANSWER- The nurse needs to be able to provide culturally appropriate care
What is the eligibility for Medicare? - ANSWER- • Ages 65 and older
• Qualify for Social Security due to disability
• All ages with End-Stage Renal Disease
The family of an older client asks the nurse if the client qualifies for Medicaid to
help with hospital bills. What information should the nurse provide to the family?
a. Eligibility for Medicaid is based upon annual income level
b. Medicaid is available to individuals once they have the ability to retire.
c. Medicaid is intended to assist only low-income individuals over the age of 65.
d. Eligibility for Medicaid begins when entering a long-term care facility. -
ANSWER- a. Eligibility for Medicaid is based upon annual income level
For older adults who are low income, what is their primary insurance and what
supplements it? - ANSWER- Medicare is primary and Medicaid supplements
* Medicaid pays for most nursing home care
,What are some of the impact that ageism has on the older population? -
ANSWER- - Some patients have misdiagnosis of illnesses
- Some of the needs of older patients get neglected (ie. pain, allocation of
resources with COVID)
- Some older patients feel belittled (ie. HCW use condescending terms when
referring to them)
What are some ways that the health care system can address implicit biases
about the older population? - ANSWER- - Having biases assessments to
acknowledge and understand their biases (recognize our own thoughts and
actions, question why)
- Open communication and conversations about the patient's ability/needs
- Don't stereotype and make assumptions
- General Education on how to care for the older adult
Which behavior reflects culturally appropriate care?
a. Providing all patients the same hospital meals.
b. Waiting for family members to act as interpreters.
c. Seeking out meaning of disease from the patient's perspective.
d. Treating all patients of one ethnicity the same. - ANSWER- c. Seeking out
meaning of disease from the patient's perspective.
What are the gerontological nursing principles? - ANSWER- • Identify and
highlight the strengths and abilities of older adults
• Help maximize their independence and function
• Minimize disability
• Improve or maintain quality of life
• When appropriate, achieve a peaceful and dignified death.
What are some complications that could arise for the older adult from stays in an
acute care setting? - ANSWER- - Nosocomical infections
- Iatrogenic complications
- Loss of mobility and functional status
,What are iatrogenic complications? What are examples of this? - ANSWER-
complications that developed because of hospitalization or the treatment they're
receiving in the hospital (ex: delirium, falls, pressure ulcers, dehydration,
constipation, incontinence)
What are the 4M's of age friendly health systems? - ANSWER- - What matters
- Medication
- Mentation
- Mobility
How does the nurse address "What Matters" in the age friendly health system
model? - ANSWER- Know and align care with the patient's goals, what's
important to the patient in regards to their health outcomes, and care preferences
How does the nurse address "Medication" in the age friendly health system
model? - ANSWER- - are we administering and prescribing the right meds
- assess for complications from medications
- constant med reconciliation
- make sure meds are not interfering with "What Matters"
How does the nurse address "Mentation" in the age friendly health system
model? - ANSWER- - make sure we're frequently assessing/screening for
dementia, depression, and delirium (Mini-cog, CAM assessment)
- make sure we're preventing delirium across setting of care (clocks, white boards
with correct information, daytime/nighttime orientation)
How does the nurse address "Mobility" in the age friendly health system model? -
ANSWER- - get our patient's moving
- identifying risks/concerns
- assessing their ability to move
What makes a Comprehensive geriatric assessment different from a
comprehensive assessment of other populations? - ANSWER- CGA includes a
functional assessment
What are the goals of a comprehensive geriatric assessment? - ANSWER- •
Incorporating older adult's preferences
• Incorporating strengths
• Minimizing functional decline
• Maximize independence
, • Safety and managing risks
• Respecting the older adult's rights and autonomy
What are examples of geriatric syndromes? - ANSWER- Urinary Incontinence
Falls
Fraility (weakness)
Delirium
Pressure Ulcers
What does the SPICES assessment tool assess in the older person? - ANSWER-
S- sleep
P- problems with eating
I- incontinence
C- confusion
E- evidence of falls
S- skin breakdown
You are assessing an older patient's functional status. They ask you what are
activities of daily living. You provide the following examples. Select all that apply
a. Bathing
b. Driving
c. Toileting
d. Shopping
e. Cleaning - ANSWER- ANSWER:
a. Bathing
c. Toileting
The other answers are examples of IADLs:
b. Driving
d. Shopping
e. Cleaning
Why do nurses complete a functional assessment of the older adult? - ANSWER-
to identify care needs and potential resources needed upon discharge
How can the nurse decrease the loss of mobility and functional status of the older
adult in an acute care setting? - ANSWER- • Assess the patient's ability
• Promote independence: "Do with, not for" - assist but don't completely take over
solutions
What factors significantly influence current population trends? Select all that
apply.
a. decreasing birth rates
b. Increasing infant mortality rates
c. Increasing life spans.
d. Improved disease control. - ANSWER- a. Decreasing birth rates.
c. Increasing life spans.
d. Improved disease control.
How should the nurse adapt to the older population becoming more diverse? -
ANSWER- The nurse needs to be able to provide culturally appropriate care
What is the eligibility for Medicare? - ANSWER- • Ages 65 and older
• Qualify for Social Security due to disability
• All ages with End-Stage Renal Disease
The family of an older client asks the nurse if the client qualifies for Medicaid to
help with hospital bills. What information should the nurse provide to the family?
a. Eligibility for Medicaid is based upon annual income level
b. Medicaid is available to individuals once they have the ability to retire.
c. Medicaid is intended to assist only low-income individuals over the age of 65.
d. Eligibility for Medicaid begins when entering a long-term care facility. -
ANSWER- a. Eligibility for Medicaid is based upon annual income level
For older adults who are low income, what is their primary insurance and what
supplements it? - ANSWER- Medicare is primary and Medicaid supplements
* Medicaid pays for most nursing home care
,What are some of the impact that ageism has on the older population? -
ANSWER- - Some patients have misdiagnosis of illnesses
- Some of the needs of older patients get neglected (ie. pain, allocation of
resources with COVID)
- Some older patients feel belittled (ie. HCW use condescending terms when
referring to them)
What are some ways that the health care system can address implicit biases
about the older population? - ANSWER- - Having biases assessments to
acknowledge and understand their biases (recognize our own thoughts and
actions, question why)
- Open communication and conversations about the patient's ability/needs
- Don't stereotype and make assumptions
- General Education on how to care for the older adult
Which behavior reflects culturally appropriate care?
a. Providing all patients the same hospital meals.
b. Waiting for family members to act as interpreters.
c. Seeking out meaning of disease from the patient's perspective.
d. Treating all patients of one ethnicity the same. - ANSWER- c. Seeking out
meaning of disease from the patient's perspective.
What are the gerontological nursing principles? - ANSWER- • Identify and
highlight the strengths and abilities of older adults
• Help maximize their independence and function
• Minimize disability
• Improve or maintain quality of life
• When appropriate, achieve a peaceful and dignified death.
What are some complications that could arise for the older adult from stays in an
acute care setting? - ANSWER- - Nosocomical infections
- Iatrogenic complications
- Loss of mobility and functional status
,What are iatrogenic complications? What are examples of this? - ANSWER-
complications that developed because of hospitalization or the treatment they're
receiving in the hospital (ex: delirium, falls, pressure ulcers, dehydration,
constipation, incontinence)
What are the 4M's of age friendly health systems? - ANSWER- - What matters
- Medication
- Mentation
- Mobility
How does the nurse address "What Matters" in the age friendly health system
model? - ANSWER- Know and align care with the patient's goals, what's
important to the patient in regards to their health outcomes, and care preferences
How does the nurse address "Medication" in the age friendly health system
model? - ANSWER- - are we administering and prescribing the right meds
- assess for complications from medications
- constant med reconciliation
- make sure meds are not interfering with "What Matters"
How does the nurse address "Mentation" in the age friendly health system
model? - ANSWER- - make sure we're frequently assessing/screening for
dementia, depression, and delirium (Mini-cog, CAM assessment)
- make sure we're preventing delirium across setting of care (clocks, white boards
with correct information, daytime/nighttime orientation)
How does the nurse address "Mobility" in the age friendly health system model? -
ANSWER- - get our patient's moving
- identifying risks/concerns
- assessing their ability to move
What makes a Comprehensive geriatric assessment different from a
comprehensive assessment of other populations? - ANSWER- CGA includes a
functional assessment
What are the goals of a comprehensive geriatric assessment? - ANSWER- •
Incorporating older adult's preferences
• Incorporating strengths
• Minimizing functional decline
• Maximize independence
, • Safety and managing risks
• Respecting the older adult's rights and autonomy
What are examples of geriatric syndromes? - ANSWER- Urinary Incontinence
Falls
Fraility (weakness)
Delirium
Pressure Ulcers
What does the SPICES assessment tool assess in the older person? - ANSWER-
S- sleep
P- problems with eating
I- incontinence
C- confusion
E- evidence of falls
S- skin breakdown
You are assessing an older patient's functional status. They ask you what are
activities of daily living. You provide the following examples. Select all that apply
a. Bathing
b. Driving
c. Toileting
d. Shopping
e. Cleaning - ANSWER- ANSWER:
a. Bathing
c. Toileting
The other answers are examples of IADLs:
b. Driving
d. Shopping
e. Cleaning
Why do nurses complete a functional assessment of the older adult? - ANSWER-
to identify care needs and potential resources needed upon discharge
How can the nurse decrease the loss of mobility and functional status of the older
adult in an acute care setting? - ANSWER- • Assess the patient's ability
• Promote independence: "Do with, not for" - assist but don't completely take over
