Intro to Physical Therapy EXAM 1 study guide with complete solutions.

Physical Therapy A dynamic profession with an established theoretical and scientific base and widespread clinical applications in the restoration, maintenance, and promotion of optimal physical function. Physical therapists (PT) Health care professionals who help individuals maintain, restore, and improve movement, activity, and functioning, thereby enabling optimal performance and enhancing health, well-being, and quality of life. Their services prevent, minimize, or eliminate impairments of body functions and structures, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:00 / 0:15 Full screen Brainpower Read More PTA Defined Physical therapist assistants (PTA), under the direction and supervision of the PT, are the only individuals who assist a PT in the provision of selected interventions Physical Therapy is provided by a PT or under the direction and supervision of a physical therapist in accordance with APTA policies, positions, guidelines, standards, and ethical principles and standards. Physical Therapist PESAPE Perform an examination (history, system review and tests and measures) and evaluation Establish a diagnosis, prognosis, plan of care (POC) and intervention Set goals related to the capacity of individuals to do what is important to them in their daily activities and roles Alleviate impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions by designing, implementing, and modifying therapeutic interventions Prevent injury, minimize impairments, functional limitation, and disability, including the promotion and maintenance of health, wellness, fitness, and quality of life in all age populations Engage in consultation, education, research and administration POC is based on clinical judgment, best available evidence, and an individual's situation and goals Medical Diagnosis - is determined by a physician (Medical doctor - MD, Doctor of Osteopathy - DO) who identifies an illness or disorder through an interview, physical examination, medical tests, lab tests, imaging, & other procedures. -recognizes a disease & attempts to determine the underlying causes / pathology -Physicians use labels to identify disease, disorder, condition at level of cell, organ, tissue, or system PT Diagnosis - is determined by the PT as the end result of evaluating information obtained from the exam. -The PT will then organize into defined clusters, syndromes, or categories to help determine the most appropriate intervention strategies. (APTA Guide to PT) -PTs use labels that identify the impact of a condition on function at the system level (especially the movement system & at the level of the whole body. -Impairments, Functional Limitations, Disability Intervention performed by PT or PTA *Purposeful interactions between PT/PTA and patient, using various physical therapy procedures and techniques to reach established goal Reexamination *Performing selected tests and measures after initial examination to modify or redirect intervention. *Indications for reexamination include new clinical findings and failure to respond to intervention Outcomes As termination of physical therapy services is reached, outcomes are measured to assess the impact of physical therapy interventions on pathology, impairments, activity limitations, participation restrictions, risk reduction/prevention, wellness, and patient satisfaction Mary McMillan, 1921, AWTA American Women's Physical Therapeutic Association AWTA reconstruction aides beginning of PT 1922 APA AWPTA changed to American Physiotherapy Association (APA) Men were allowed to join 1946 APTA APA changed to American Physical Therapy Association APTA 1967/69 Established program for Physical Therapist Assistant 1978 CAPTE Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education Self-Efficacy The belief in your abilities to achieve at a specific level of performance. • Positive self-talk and positive statements reflect a high level of self-efficacy. • A person's self-efficacy and self-respect create self-esteem. • Your level of self-efficacy can influence which tasks you take on and which tasks you avoid. SQ4R 1. "Survey" the chapter 2. Write "questions" for each heading and subheading 3. "Read" the info one paragraph at a time 4. Select a form of notetaking to "record" info 5. "Recite" the important info from the paragraph 6. "Review" the info learned in the chapter Tendons structure that connects muscles to bone Bursa synovial sac located in places where friction to tendons would normally occur. Ligaments connective tissue that connects bone to bone, providing joint stability Cartilage a structure that cushions the ends of bone to prevent bone on bone contact Capsule connective tissue that encloses a joint, providing stability Synovial membrane produces synovial fluid which nourishes the joint Types of research Surveys Case reports Randomized control studies Experiments Blind studies survey method of gathering information from individuals questionnaires or interview Case reports a scientific documentation of a single clinical observation -first line of evidence in health care -used to disseminate information on unusual clinical syndromes, disease association , unusual side effects to therapy or response to treatment. Experiments -a study in which people are allocated at random to receive clinical intervention -Control group (placebo) vs intervention group -outcomes are measured Visual Learners • Highlight important information in textbooks. • Visualize pictures, charts, graphs, or small sections of printed information. • Create movies in the mind during the reading process. • Create visual study tools that show levels of information. Expand chapter mappings. • Add colors and pictures to notes. • Copy information in your own handwriting. • Observe people for visual clues. • Carry a pen and notepad to write down information Auditory Learners • Talk out loud (verbalize). • Read out loud. • Ask questions. • Work with a study buddy or in a study group. • Recite frequently. • Tape lectures. • Make your own study tapes. • Explain information to others. • Create rhymes, jingles, or songs. • Use technology with audio features. Kinesthetic Learners • Handle objects, tools, or machinery as you study. • Create manipulatives (study tools you can move with your hands). • Cut charts or diagrams apart and then reassemble. • Use exaggerated movements and hand gestures when you study. Use a computer to type information and use muscle memory. • Walk as you recite or practice. • Work at a chalkboard, flip chart, or large poster paper. • Learn through creative movement and activities. • Create action games. Brain dominance theory • The right and the left hemispheres of the brain are linked together neurologically. • Each hemisphere dominates specific kinds of mental activities and learning patterns. • People tend to have a preference for initially processing information through the left or the right hemisphere. • Once information is received and processing begins in one hemisphere, the information is then shared with the other hemisphere for total processing. Steps to performing well on objective tests • Use a five-day study plan to prepare for the test. • Review study tools for factual information. • • Rework steps or problems for procedural information. • Create and study from summary notes. • • Participate in review sessions or study groups. • • Predict test questions; write and answer practice test Effective test-taking strategies to begin the test • Strive to focus your mind on the test and prepare yourself • mentally for the challenge. • Use familiar relaxation or visualization strategies to calm your nerves and being with a positive state of mind. • Listen carefully to directions. As soon as you receive the test, jot down important information that you do not want to forget. • Survey the test. • • Budget your time and use test time wisely • • Decide on a starting point. • • Read all the directions Use your test time wisely. • • Do not leave answers blank if you start to run out of time. • • Use the four levels of response to answer questions Educated guessing strategies-multiple choice questions Steps for working through matching questions • Read the directions carefully. • Count the number of items in each list to see if the lists are equal. • Begin by reading the column that has the shorter entries. • Use the four levels of response to match the columns Pt services • Physical therapy is provided for individuals of all ages who have or may develop impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions related to: • (1) conditions of the musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and/or integumentary systems or • (2) the negative effects attributable to unique personal and environmental factors as they relate to human performance. Double blind studies Intervention groups and placebo group are blind to the research and the info is kept by a third party and not revealed until study is over. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) -framework for describing and organizing information on functioning and disability. It provides a standard language and a conceptual basis for the definition and measurement of health and disability." -Categorizes health conditions and patient problems by clearly defining the patient's: • health condition • impairment • activity limitations • participation restriction Health condition a disease, disorder, injury or trauma, or other circumstance, such as aging, stress, congenital anomaly, or genetic predisposition. Impairment problem(s) an individual may have in body function (physiological functions of body systems) or structure (anatomical parts of the body). Activity limitations difficulties an individual may have in executing tasks or actions. Examples: functional mobility skills walking, transfers, etc., activities of daily living, communication skills, cognitive and learning skills Participation restrictions problems an individual may experience in involvement in life situations and social interactions. Instrumental activities of daily living house cleaning, meals, shopping, work and leisure Standard of comparison Control group Add or remove terms Choos