Human geography (AQA) exam
Globalisation - the increasing interconnectedness of countries worldwide through
increased global flows of people, resources, capital and ideas
What are CPE's? - centrally planned economies
What are FCC's? - former communist countries
What are RIC's? - recently industrialisng countries
OPEC - organisation for petroleum exporting countries
capital flow - movement of money between countries for the purpose of
investment, trade or production of goods/services
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) - investment made by TNCs into foreign
businesses
repatriation of profits - tnc's investing in overseas production and take profit back
to country where headquartered 'economic leakage'
,Human geography (AQA) exam
remittance payments - transfers of money made by foreign workers to family in
their home country
give two reasons why capital flows increased? - - deregulation of financial markets
- removing regulations (fixed commissions on trade)
- development of technology - high speed internet, 4G, trading apps
Flow of labour - the movement of people who move to work in another country
What is the link between labour flow and and level of development? - there is a
higher flow of labour for those migrants who have more education and financial
means i.e. more developed
Flow of products - the international movement of products is facilitated by the
reduction in costs of trade, which includes transaction, tariffs and transport and
time costs
Flow of services - economic activities that are traded without the production of
material goods
,Human geography (AQA) exam
what are the two types of services? - high level and low level
high level services - services to businesses such as finance, investment and
advertising
low level services - services to consumers such as banking, travel and tourism,
customer call centres or communication services
What are the 4 capital flows? - FDI, repatriation of profits, Aid, remittance
payments
why has labour flow increased? - for the growing population to seek better
employment opportunities
division of labour - where production is broken down into many separate tasks
What was the first global shift? - labour-intensive garment industries
What was the second global shift? - heavy manufacturing e.g. cars and steel
, Human geography (AQA) exam
When were the first and second shifts? - 1950s/60s
When were the third and fourth shifts? - 1990s+
Describe the production patterns - food products and mined resources are
dependent on geography and climate, so the production doesn't change much.
Manufactured products are made where there is available technology and
abundance of labour who have the required skills
Describe the distribution patterns - traditionally, the low value goods re produced
in the periphery/semi periphery and exported to the core, and high value goods
are traded between the core countries
Describe the consumption patterns - it is still largely dominated by the wealthy
core countries, but this pattern is changing with increasing wealth in
NEEs/RICs/NICS
What was the third shift? - financial/banking services from MEDCs to NICs e.g. call
centres in Banagalore
Globalisation - the increasing interconnectedness of countries worldwide through
increased global flows of people, resources, capital and ideas
What are CPE's? - centrally planned economies
What are FCC's? - former communist countries
What are RIC's? - recently industrialisng countries
OPEC - organisation for petroleum exporting countries
capital flow - movement of money between countries for the purpose of
investment, trade or production of goods/services
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) - investment made by TNCs into foreign
businesses
repatriation of profits - tnc's investing in overseas production and take profit back
to country where headquartered 'economic leakage'
,Human geography (AQA) exam
remittance payments - transfers of money made by foreign workers to family in
their home country
give two reasons why capital flows increased? - - deregulation of financial markets
- removing regulations (fixed commissions on trade)
- development of technology - high speed internet, 4G, trading apps
Flow of labour - the movement of people who move to work in another country
What is the link between labour flow and and level of development? - there is a
higher flow of labour for those migrants who have more education and financial
means i.e. more developed
Flow of products - the international movement of products is facilitated by the
reduction in costs of trade, which includes transaction, tariffs and transport and
time costs
Flow of services - economic activities that are traded without the production of
material goods
,Human geography (AQA) exam
what are the two types of services? - high level and low level
high level services - services to businesses such as finance, investment and
advertising
low level services - services to consumers such as banking, travel and tourism,
customer call centres or communication services
What are the 4 capital flows? - FDI, repatriation of profits, Aid, remittance
payments
why has labour flow increased? - for the growing population to seek better
employment opportunities
division of labour - where production is broken down into many separate tasks
What was the first global shift? - labour-intensive garment industries
What was the second global shift? - heavy manufacturing e.g. cars and steel
, Human geography (AQA) exam
When were the first and second shifts? - 1950s/60s
When were the third and fourth shifts? - 1990s+
Describe the production patterns - food products and mined resources are
dependent on geography and climate, so the production doesn't change much.
Manufactured products are made where there is available technology and
abundance of labour who have the required skills
Describe the distribution patterns - traditionally, the low value goods re produced
in the periphery/semi periphery and exported to the core, and high value goods
are traded between the core countries
Describe the consumption patterns - it is still largely dominated by the wealthy
core countries, but this pattern is changing with increasing wealth in
NEEs/RICs/NICS
What was the third shift? - financial/banking services from MEDCs to NICs e.g. call
centres in Banagalore
