NBME 30 EXAM 2024/2025 |
GUARANTEED PASS |100%
CORRECT
Difference b/w Kwashiorkor & Marasmus - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ - kwashiorkor (edematous malnutrition): marasmus
PLUS EDEMA
- marasmus (WASTING SYNDROME): skin lesions, fatty liver, acute
protein-energy malnutrition with decreased arm circumference, weight
per length or BMI
Deformation - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ disruption in organ
morphogenesis occurring AFTER embryonic period; extrinsic force
limits normal organ development
Vascular changes in chronic HTN - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ -
hyaline arteriolosclerosis: protein deposition in vessel walls
- hyperplastic arteriosclerosis (arteriolitis): concentric thickening of
vessel wall w/ laminar appearance caused by proliferation of smooth
muscle cells
- commonly affects renal arterioles
,Nodular glomerulosclerosis - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ assoc w/
diabetic nephropathy & amyloidosis
Supraoptic nucleus - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ responsible for ADH
secretion from pituitary & urine concentration
Anterior hypothalamic nucleus - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔
thermoregulation (cooling)
Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ appetite
stimulation
Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔
regulation of feeding & circadian rhythm
Lateral hypothalamic nucleus - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ promotes
appetite (GHRELIN)
Posterior hypothalamic nucleus - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔
thermoregulating (heating)
Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔
satiety (LEPTIN)
Osteopetrosis - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ excessive mineralization
of bone & failure of osteoclastic resorption
,- mutation in macrophage colony stimulating factor
Achondroplasia - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ human dwarfism
- AD mutation in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene
Porphyria cutanea tarda - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ severe
cutaneous photosensitivity with blistering & hyperpigmentation after
exposure to sunlight
- decreased activity of uroporphyringoen decarboxylase enzyme in the
production of HEME
CD8+ T lymphocytes - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ responsible for
CLEARING a virus
- class I MHC receptors present a virus to CD8+ T cell on an APC
- CD8+ T cell has a specific TCR for the virus; responds by secreting
inflammatory mediators (to attract other cells) perforin/granzyme or
interacting with Fas/fasl to trigger apoptosis
Class II MHC - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ are on the surface of
antigen-presenting cells (apcs), including B cells
, - trigger CD4+ T cells, which recruit CD8+ cytotoxic T cells
PKU - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ deficiency of phenylalanine
hydroxylase
- supplementation of TYROSINE is required for synthesis of
catecholamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine & dopamine)
Leuprolide - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ gnrh agonist used for the
treatment of prostate cancer
- decreased LH & testosterone release
Production of progesterone during pregnancy - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ - first 7-10 weeks: CORPUS LUTEUM (stimulating by
hcg from placenta)
>10 weeks: placenta
Chronic granulomatous disease - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ X-linked
mutation affecting NADPH oxidase causing dysfunctioning neutrophils
and oxidative burst
GUARANTEED PASS |100%
CORRECT
Difference b/w Kwashiorkor & Marasmus - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ - kwashiorkor (edematous malnutrition): marasmus
PLUS EDEMA
- marasmus (WASTING SYNDROME): skin lesions, fatty liver, acute
protein-energy malnutrition with decreased arm circumference, weight
per length or BMI
Deformation - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ disruption in organ
morphogenesis occurring AFTER embryonic period; extrinsic force
limits normal organ development
Vascular changes in chronic HTN - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ -
hyaline arteriolosclerosis: protein deposition in vessel walls
- hyperplastic arteriosclerosis (arteriolitis): concentric thickening of
vessel wall w/ laminar appearance caused by proliferation of smooth
muscle cells
- commonly affects renal arterioles
,Nodular glomerulosclerosis - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ assoc w/
diabetic nephropathy & amyloidosis
Supraoptic nucleus - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ responsible for ADH
secretion from pituitary & urine concentration
Anterior hypothalamic nucleus - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔
thermoregulation (cooling)
Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ appetite
stimulation
Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔
regulation of feeding & circadian rhythm
Lateral hypothalamic nucleus - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ promotes
appetite (GHRELIN)
Posterior hypothalamic nucleus - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔
thermoregulating (heating)
Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔
satiety (LEPTIN)
Osteopetrosis - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ excessive mineralization
of bone & failure of osteoclastic resorption
,- mutation in macrophage colony stimulating factor
Achondroplasia - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ human dwarfism
- AD mutation in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene
Porphyria cutanea tarda - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ severe
cutaneous photosensitivity with blistering & hyperpigmentation after
exposure to sunlight
- decreased activity of uroporphyringoen decarboxylase enzyme in the
production of HEME
CD8+ T lymphocytes - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ responsible for
CLEARING a virus
- class I MHC receptors present a virus to CD8+ T cell on an APC
- CD8+ T cell has a specific TCR for the virus; responds by secreting
inflammatory mediators (to attract other cells) perforin/granzyme or
interacting with Fas/fasl to trigger apoptosis
Class II MHC - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ are on the surface of
antigen-presenting cells (apcs), including B cells
, - trigger CD4+ T cells, which recruit CD8+ cytotoxic T cells
PKU - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ deficiency of phenylalanine
hydroxylase
- supplementation of TYROSINE is required for synthesis of
catecholamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine & dopamine)
Leuprolide - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ gnrh agonist used for the
treatment of prostate cancer
- decreased LH & testosterone release
Production of progesterone during pregnancy - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ - first 7-10 weeks: CORPUS LUTEUM (stimulating by
hcg from placenta)
>10 weeks: placenta
Chronic granulomatous disease - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ X-linked
mutation affecting NADPH oxidase causing dysfunctioning neutrophils
and oxidative burst
