TEST BANK FOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION
MCCANCE HUETHER
NURSINGTB.COM
,CHAPTER ;1: ;CELLULAR ;BIOLOGY
MULTIPLE ;CHOICE
1. Which ;statement ;best ;describes ;the ;cellular ;function ;of ;metabolic ;absorption?
a. Cells ;can ;produce ;proteins. c. Cells ;can ;take ;in ;and ;use ;nutrients.
b. Cells ;can ;secrete ;digestive ;enzymes. d. ; Cells ;can ;synthesize ;fats.
ANS: ; C
In ;metabolic ;absorption, ;all ;cells ;take ;in ;and ;use ;nutrients ;and ;other ;substances ;from
;their;surroundings. ;The ;remaining ;options ;are ;not ;inclusive ;in ;their ;descriptions ;of
;cellular ;metabolic ;absorption.
PTS: ; ; ; 1 REF: ; Page ;2
2. Most ;of ;a ;cell’s ;genetic ;information, ;including ;RNA ;and ;DNA, ;is ;contained ;in ;the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. ; ; ; Lysosome
ANS: ; C
The ;nucleus ;contains ;the ;nucleolus, ;a ;small ;dense ;structure ;composed ;largely ;of
;RNA, ;most ;of ;the ;cellular ;DNA, ;and ;the ;DNA-binding ;proteins, ;such ;as ;the ;histones,
;which ;regulate ;its ;activity. ;The ;other ;options ;do ;not ;contain ;most ;of ;a ;cell’s ;genetic
;information.
PTS: ; ; ; 1 REF: ; Page ;2
3. Which ;component ;of ;the ;cell ;prodNuU
ceRsSIhNyGdTroBg.CenOM
peroxide ;(H2O2) ;by ;using ;oxygen
;to ;remove ;hydrogen ;atoms ;from ;specific ;substrates ;in ;an ;oxidative ;reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. ; Oxyhydrosomes
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, ANS: ; B
Peroxisomes ;are ;so ;named ;because ;they ;usually ;contain ;enzymes ;that ;use ;oxygen ;to
;remove ;hydrogen ;atoms ;from ;specific ;substrates ;in ;an ;oxidative ;reaction ;that ;produces
;H2O2, ;which ;is ;a ;powerful ;oxidant ;and ;potentially ;destructive ;if ;it ;accumulates ;or
;escapes ;from ;peroxisomes. ;Ribosomes ;are ;RNA-protein ;complexes ;(nucleoproteins)
;that ;are ;synthesized ;in ;the ;nucleolus ;and ;secreted ;into ;the ;cytoplasm ;through ;pores ;in
;the ;nuclear ;envelope ;called ;nuclear ;pore ;complexes. ;Lysosomes ;are ;saclike ;structures
;that ;originate ;from ;the ;Golgi ;complex ;and ;contain ;more ;than ;40 ;digestive ;enzymes
;called ;hydrolases, ;which ;catalyze ;bonds ;in ;proteins, ;lipids, ;nucleic ;acids, ;and
;carbohydrates. ;Oxyhydrosomes;are ;involved ;in ;enzyme ;production.
PTS: ; ; ; 1 REF: ; Page ;8
4. Which ;cell ;component ;is ;capable ;of ;cellular ;autodigestion ;when ;it ;is ;released ;during
;cell;injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth ;endoplasmic ;reticulum
b. Golgi ;complex d. ; Lysosomes
ANS: ; D
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, The ;lysosomal ;membrane ;acts ;as ;a ;protective ;shield ;between ;the ;powerful ;digestive
;enzymes ;within ;the ;lysosome ;and ;the ;cytoplasm, ;preventing ;their ;leakage ;into ;the
;cytoplasmic ;matrix. ;Disruption ;of ;the ;membrane ;by ;various ;treatments ;or ;cellular
;injury ;leads ;to ;a ;release ;of ;the ;lysosomal ;enzymes, ;which ;can ;then ;react ;with ;their
;specific ;substrates, ;causing ;cellular ;self-digestion. ;The ;other ;options ;do ;not ;correctly
;describe ;this;process.
PTS: ; ; ; 1 REF: ; Pages ;7-8
5. What ;is ;the ;sequence ;of ;steps ;in ;the ;development ;of ;a ;digestive ;enzyme ;by ;the
;pancreas;cells ;from ;the ;initial ;transcription ;to ;the ;release ;from ;the ;cell?
a. The ;enzyme ;is ;transcribed ;from ;DNA ;by ;RNA ;in ;the ;nucleus, ;proceeds ;to
;the;ribosome ;for ;synthesis, ;and ;is ;transported ;in ;a ;secretory ;vesicle ;to
;the ;cell ;membrane.
b. The ;enzyme ;is ;transcribed ;from ;RNA ;by ;DNA ;in ;the ;nucleus, ;proceeds ;to ;the
;lysosome ;for ;synthesis, ;and ;is ;transported ;in ;an ;encapsulated ;membrane ;to
;the ;cell;membrane.
c. The ;enzyme ;is ;transcribed ;by ;the ;mitochondria ;in ;the ;nucleus, ;proceeds ;to
;the ;ribosome ;for ;synthesis, ;and ;is ;transported ;in ;a ;cytoskeleton ;to ;the ;cell
;membrane.
d. The ;enzyme ;is ;transcribed ;from ;DNA ;by ;RNA ;in ;the ;nucleus, ;proceeds ;to ;the
;Golgi ;complex ;for ;synthesis, ;and ;is ;transported ;in ;a ;cytosol ;to ;the ;cell
;membrane.
ANS: ; A
The ;enzyme ;is ;transcribed ;from ;DNA ;by ;RNA ;in ;the ;nucleus, ;proceeds ;to ;the
;ribosome;for ;synthesis, ;and ;is ;transported ;in ;a ;secretory ;vesicle ;to ;the ;cell
;membrane. ;The ;other ;options ;do ;not ;correctly ;describe ;this ;process.
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PTS: ; ; ; 1 REF: ; Page ;7 ;| ;Figure ;1-5
6. During ;which ;phase ;of ;the ;cell ;cycle ;is ;DNA ;synthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. ; M
ANS: ; B
The ;four ;designated ;phases ;of ;the ;cell ;cycle ;are: ;(1) ;the ;G1 ;phase ;(G ;= ;gap), ;which ;is
;the ;period ;between ;the ;M ;phase ;(M ;= ;mitosis) ;and ;the ;start ;of ;DNA ;synthesis; ;(2) ;the
;S ;phase;(S ;= ;synthesis), ;during ;which ;DNA ;is ;synthesized ;in ;the ;cell ;nucleus; ;(3) ;the
;G2 ;phase, ;during ;which ;RNA ;and ;protein ;synthesis ;occurs, ;the ;period ;between ;the
;completion ;of ;DNA ;synthesis ;and ;the ;next ;phase ;(M); ;and ;(4) ;the ;M ;phase, ;which
;includes ;nuclear ;and ;cytoplasmic ;division.
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MCCANCE HUETHER
NURSINGTB.COM
,CHAPTER ;1: ;CELLULAR ;BIOLOGY
MULTIPLE ;CHOICE
1. Which ;statement ;best ;describes ;the ;cellular ;function ;of ;metabolic ;absorption?
a. Cells ;can ;produce ;proteins. c. Cells ;can ;take ;in ;and ;use ;nutrients.
b. Cells ;can ;secrete ;digestive ;enzymes. d. ; Cells ;can ;synthesize ;fats.
ANS: ; C
In ;metabolic ;absorption, ;all ;cells ;take ;in ;and ;use ;nutrients ;and ;other ;substances ;from
;their;surroundings. ;The ;remaining ;options ;are ;not ;inclusive ;in ;their ;descriptions ;of
;cellular ;metabolic ;absorption.
PTS: ; ; ; 1 REF: ; Page ;2
2. Most ;of ;a ;cell’s ;genetic ;information, ;including ;RNA ;and ;DNA, ;is ;contained ;in ;the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. ; ; ; Lysosome
ANS: ; C
The ;nucleus ;contains ;the ;nucleolus, ;a ;small ;dense ;structure ;composed ;largely ;of
;RNA, ;most ;of ;the ;cellular ;DNA, ;and ;the ;DNA-binding ;proteins, ;such ;as ;the ;histones,
;which ;regulate ;its ;activity. ;The ;other ;options ;do ;not ;contain ;most ;of ;a ;cell’s ;genetic
;information.
PTS: ; ; ; 1 REF: ; Page ;2
3. Which ;component ;of ;the ;cell ;prodNuU
ceRsSIhNyGdTroBg.CenOM
peroxide ;(H2O2) ;by ;using ;oxygen
;to ;remove ;hydrogen ;atoms ;from ;specific ;substrates ;in ;an ;oxidative ;reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. ; Oxyhydrosomes
NURSINGTB.COM
, ANS: ; B
Peroxisomes ;are ;so ;named ;because ;they ;usually ;contain ;enzymes ;that ;use ;oxygen ;to
;remove ;hydrogen ;atoms ;from ;specific ;substrates ;in ;an ;oxidative ;reaction ;that ;produces
;H2O2, ;which ;is ;a ;powerful ;oxidant ;and ;potentially ;destructive ;if ;it ;accumulates ;or
;escapes ;from ;peroxisomes. ;Ribosomes ;are ;RNA-protein ;complexes ;(nucleoproteins)
;that ;are ;synthesized ;in ;the ;nucleolus ;and ;secreted ;into ;the ;cytoplasm ;through ;pores ;in
;the ;nuclear ;envelope ;called ;nuclear ;pore ;complexes. ;Lysosomes ;are ;saclike ;structures
;that ;originate ;from ;the ;Golgi ;complex ;and ;contain ;more ;than ;40 ;digestive ;enzymes
;called ;hydrolases, ;which ;catalyze ;bonds ;in ;proteins, ;lipids, ;nucleic ;acids, ;and
;carbohydrates. ;Oxyhydrosomes;are ;involved ;in ;enzyme ;production.
PTS: ; ; ; 1 REF: ; Page ;8
4. Which ;cell ;component ;is ;capable ;of ;cellular ;autodigestion ;when ;it ;is ;released ;during
;cell;injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth ;endoplasmic ;reticulum
b. Golgi ;complex d. ; Lysosomes
ANS: ; D
NURSINGTB.COM
, The ;lysosomal ;membrane ;acts ;as ;a ;protective ;shield ;between ;the ;powerful ;digestive
;enzymes ;within ;the ;lysosome ;and ;the ;cytoplasm, ;preventing ;their ;leakage ;into ;the
;cytoplasmic ;matrix. ;Disruption ;of ;the ;membrane ;by ;various ;treatments ;or ;cellular
;injury ;leads ;to ;a ;release ;of ;the ;lysosomal ;enzymes, ;which ;can ;then ;react ;with ;their
;specific ;substrates, ;causing ;cellular ;self-digestion. ;The ;other ;options ;do ;not ;correctly
;describe ;this;process.
PTS: ; ; ; 1 REF: ; Pages ;7-8
5. What ;is ;the ;sequence ;of ;steps ;in ;the ;development ;of ;a ;digestive ;enzyme ;by ;the
;pancreas;cells ;from ;the ;initial ;transcription ;to ;the ;release ;from ;the ;cell?
a. The ;enzyme ;is ;transcribed ;from ;DNA ;by ;RNA ;in ;the ;nucleus, ;proceeds ;to
;the;ribosome ;for ;synthesis, ;and ;is ;transported ;in ;a ;secretory ;vesicle ;to
;the ;cell ;membrane.
b. The ;enzyme ;is ;transcribed ;from ;RNA ;by ;DNA ;in ;the ;nucleus, ;proceeds ;to ;the
;lysosome ;for ;synthesis, ;and ;is ;transported ;in ;an ;encapsulated ;membrane ;to
;the ;cell;membrane.
c. The ;enzyme ;is ;transcribed ;by ;the ;mitochondria ;in ;the ;nucleus, ;proceeds ;to
;the ;ribosome ;for ;synthesis, ;and ;is ;transported ;in ;a ;cytoskeleton ;to ;the ;cell
;membrane.
d. The ;enzyme ;is ;transcribed ;from ;DNA ;by ;RNA ;in ;the ;nucleus, ;proceeds ;to ;the
;Golgi ;complex ;for ;synthesis, ;and ;is ;transported ;in ;a ;cytosol ;to ;the ;cell
;membrane.
ANS: ; A
The ;enzyme ;is ;transcribed ;from ;DNA ;by ;RNA ;in ;the ;nucleus, ;proceeds ;to ;the
;ribosome;for ;synthesis, ;and ;is ;transported ;in ;a ;secretory ;vesicle ;to ;the ;cell
;membrane. ;The ;other ;options ;do ;not ;correctly ;describe ;this ;process.
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: ; ; ; 1 REF: ; Page ;7 ;| ;Figure ;1-5
6. During ;which ;phase ;of ;the ;cell ;cycle ;is ;DNA ;synthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. ; M
ANS: ; B
The ;four ;designated ;phases ;of ;the ;cell ;cycle ;are: ;(1) ;the ;G1 ;phase ;(G ;= ;gap), ;which ;is
;the ;period ;between ;the ;M ;phase ;(M ;= ;mitosis) ;and ;the ;start ;of ;DNA ;synthesis; ;(2) ;the
;S ;phase;(S ;= ;synthesis), ;during ;which ;DNA ;is ;synthesized ;in ;the ;cell ;nucleus; ;(3) ;the
;G2 ;phase, ;during ;which ;RNA ;and ;protein ;synthesis ;occurs, ;the ;period ;between ;the
;completion ;of ;DNA ;synthesis ;and ;the ;next ;phase ;(M); ;and ;(4) ;the ;M ;phase, ;which
;includes ;nuclear ;and ;cytoplasmic ;division.
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