West-E (051) ELLs Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions

West-E (051) ELLs Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions Syntax - Answer️️ -word order Pragmatics - Answer️️ -(context and function) system by which a language is used in social interactions. E.g. Will you go out with me is different when two 6th graders say it vs. when two adults are talking about playing Frisbee. Applied Linguistics - Answer️️ -offers solutions to language-related real- life problems Phonology - Answer️️ -Sounds of a language and the study of those sounds. Phoneme - Answer️️ -Smallest unit of sound Morphology - Answer️️ -The study of the smallest meaningful units in a language Morphemes - Answer️️ -smallest meaningful units of language Free Morpheme - Answer️️ -can stand alone as a word Bound Morpheme - Answer️️ -cannot stand alone as a word Semantics - Answer️️ -Study of meanings expressed by a language ©SOPHIABENNETT@ Sunday, August 25, 2024 2:42 PM 2 Seal of Biliteracy - Answer️️ -an award given in recognition of students who have studied and attained proficiency in 2 or more languages by HS graduation Dual Language Immersion Bill - Answer️️ -(SHB 1445) calls for the expansion of funds for dual language education programs in early-learning and K-12 schools across Washington 18/Pdf/Bill%20Reports/House/1445-S%20HBR%20PL% 2019 Grad Requirement - Answer️️ -2 years world language Schools of Thought - Answer️️ -*Structuralist/Behaviorist (Nurture) *Generative Linguistics/Rationalist/Nativist (Nature) *Constructivist / Multidisciplinary / Interactionist / Functional (in the middle) Tabula rasa - Answer️️ -(blank slate) refers to the idea that individuals are born without built-in mental content and therefore all knowledge comes from experience or perception (nurture) BF Skinner - Answer️️ -(behaviorist) Steven Pinker - Answer️️ -"the effect of parents in shaping intellect and personality might even be overrated" -Pinker (nature) ©SOPHIABENNETT@ Sunday, August 25, 2024 2:42 PM 3 Noam Chomsky - Answer️️ -Believes that for humans language is a basic instinct (nature) Lev Vygotsky - Answer️️ -developed the zone of proximal development (ZPD) Jean Piaget - Answer️️ -developed theory of cognitive development which explains how a child constructs a mental model of the world. He disagreed with the idea that intelligence was a fixed trait, and regarded cognitive development as a process which occurs due to biological maturation and interaction with the environment. Neuroplasticity (brain plasticity) - Answer️️ -the brain's ability to CHANGE throughout life. The human brain has the amazing ability to reorganize itself by forming new connections between brain cells (neurons). Activate Prior Knowledge - Answer️️ -prioritize activities that help students tap into already-existing pathways (for instance,by integrating academic subjects or creating class projects relevant to their lives) Growth Mindset - Answer️️ -"Especially for students who believe they are 'not smart,' the realization that they can literally change their brains through study and review is empowering." Stages of SLA - Answer️️ -1. Silent Period 2. Early Production 3. Speech Emergence ©SOPHIABENNETT@ Sunday, August 25, 2024 2:42 PM 4 4. Intermediate Language Proficiency 5. Advanced Language Proficiency Stephen Krashen - Answer️️ -Comprehensible Input (i+1) Scaffold language - start with where students are, then surround them with language input (i) plus 1 (more advanced language input but not too far of a jump) Jim Cummins - Answer️️ -Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills BICS(1-3 years) & Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency CALPS (5-7 years) *Also said: The level of development of children's mother tongue is a strong predictor of their second language development. Sociopolitical Variables - Answer️️ -*Socioeconomic status (SES) *legal status *immigration *previous educational background Sociocultural Variables - Answer️️ -*idioms *register *dialect *genre *L1 acceptance ©SOPHIABENNETT@ Sunday, August 25, 2024 2:42 PM 5 *cultural transition Personal Variables - Answer️️ -*age *personality *motivation *self-esteem *affective filter *L1 proficiency *preferred learning styles ELL Programs - Answer️️ -*Two-Way Immersion (aka Dual Language Immersion) *Developmental Bilingual Education (aka Late-exit or maintenance bilingual program) *Transitional Bilingual Education (aka Early-exit progra